Caffarelli Carlo, Gracci Serena, Giannì Giuliana, Bernardini Roberto
Clinica Pediatrica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
Pediatric Unit, San Giuseppe Hospital, 50053 Empoli, Italy.
J Clin Med. 2023 Aug 19;12(16):5400. doi: 10.3390/jcm12165400.
Among preterm infants, the risk of developing asthma is a matter of debate. This review discusses the state of the art of poorly understood prematurity-associated asthma. Impaired pulmonary function is common in children born prematurely. Preterm infants are prone to developing viral respiratory tract infections, bronchiolitis in the first year of life, and recurrent viral wheezing in preschool age. All of these conditions may precede asthma development. We also discuss the role of both atopic sensitization and intestinal microbiome and, consequently, immune maturation. Diet and pollution have been considered to better understand how prematurity could be associated with asthma. Understanding the effect of factors involved in asthma onset may pave the way to improve the prediction of this asthma phenotype.
在早产儿中，患哮喘的风险存在争议。本综述讨论了对与早产相关的哮喘了解不足的现状。肺功能受损在早产出生的儿童中很常见。早产儿在生命的第一年容易发生病毒性呼吸道感染、细支气管炎，在学龄前容易反复出现病毒性喘息。所有这些情况都可能先于哮喘的发展。我们还讨论了特应性致敏和肠道微生物群的作用，以及由此导致的免疫成熟。人们认为饮食和污染有助于更好地理解早产与哮喘之间的关联。了解哮喘发病相关因素的影响可能为改善这种哮喘表型的预测铺平道路。
