Molnár Zoltán, Solomon Wogene, Mutum Lamnganbi, Janda Tibor
Department of Plant Sciences, Albert Kázmér Faculty of Mosonmagyaróvár, Széchenyi István University, H-9200 Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary.
Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, H-2462 Martonvásár, Hungary.
Plants (Basel). 2023 May 10;12(10):1945. doi: 10.3390/plants12101945.
One of the most significant constraints on agricultural productivity is the low availability of iron (Fe) in soil, which is directly related to biological, physical, and chemical activities in the rhizosphere. The rhizosphere has a high iron requirement due to plant absorption and microorganism density. Plant roots and microbes in the rhizosphere play a significant role in promoting plant iron (Fe) uptake, which impacts plant development and physiology by influencing nutritional, biochemical, and soil components. The concentration of iron accessible to these live organisms in most cultivated soil is quite low due to its solubility being limited by stable oxyhydroxide, hydroxide, and oxides. The dissolution and solubility rates of iron are also significantly affected by soil pH, microbial population, organic matter content, redox processes, and particle size of the soil. In Fe-limiting situations, plants and soil microbes have used active strategies such as acidification, chelation, and reduction, which have an important role to play in enhancing soil iron availability to plants. In response to iron deficiency, plant and soil organisms produce organic (carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, phytosiderophores, microbial siderophores, and phenolics) and inorganic (protons) chemicals in the rhizosphere to improve the solubility of poorly accessible Fe pools. The investigation of iron-mediated associations among plants and microorganisms influences plant development and health, providing a distinctive prospect to further our understanding of rhizosphere ecology and iron dynamics. This review clarifies current knowledge of the intricate dynamics of iron with the end goal of presenting an overview of the rhizosphere mechanisms that are involved in the uptake of iron by plants and microorganisms.
土壤中铁(Fe)有效性低是农业生产力面临的最显著限制因素之一,这与根际的生物、物理和化学活动直接相关。由于植物吸收和微生物密度的原因,根际对铁的需求量很大。根际中的植物根系和微生物在促进植物铁吸收方面发挥着重要作用,铁吸收通过影响营养、生化和土壤成分来影响植物的发育和生理。由于其溶解度受到稳定的羟基氧化物、氢氧化物和氧化物的限制,大多数耕地土壤中这些生物可利用的铁浓度相当低。铁的溶解和溶解度还受到土壤pH值、微生物数量、有机质含量、氧化还原过程和土壤颗粒大小的显著影响。在铁限制的情况下,植物和土壤微生物采用了酸化、螯合和还原等主动策略,这些策略在提高土壤中铁对植物的有效性方面发挥着重要作用。为应对缺铁情况,植物和土壤生物在根际产生有机(碳水化合物、氨基酸、有机酸、植物铁载体、微生物铁载体和酚类物质)和无机(质子)化学物质,以提高难以获取的铁库的溶解度。对植物与微生物之间铁介导的关联的研究影响着植物的发育和健康,为进一步理解根际生态学和铁动态提供了独特的视角。本综述阐明了当前关于铁复杂动态的知识,最终目的是概述参与植物和微生物铁吸收的根际机制。