Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, 1250 Moursund Street, Room 1025.14, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Reprod Sci. 2024 Jan;31(1):173-189. doi: 10.1007/s43032-023-01334-5. Epub 2023 Sep 1.
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) cultured in media containing bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4; B) differentiate into trophoblast-like cells. Supplementing media with inhibitors of activin/nodal signaling (A83-01) and of fibroblast growth factor 2 (PD173074) suppresses mesoderm and endoderm formation and improves specification of trophoblast-like lineages, but with variable effectiveness. We compared differentiation in four BMP4-containing media: mTeSR1-BMP4 only, mTeSR1-BAP, basal medium with BAP (basal-BAP), and a newly defined medium, E7-BAP. These media variably drive early differentiation towards trophoblast-like lineages with upregulation of early trophoblast markers CDX2 and KRT7 and downregulation of pluripotency markers (OCT4 and NANOG). As expected, based on differences between media in FGF2 and its inhibitors, downregulation of mesendoderm marker EOMES was variable between media. By day 7, only hESCs grown in E7-BAP or basal-BAP expressed HLA-G protein, indicating the presence of cells with extravillous trophoblast characteristics. Expression of HLA-G and other differentiation markers (hCG, KRT7, and GCM1) was highest in basal-BAP, suggesting a faster differentiation in this medium, but those cultures were more inhomogeneous and still expressed some endodermal and pluripotency markers. In E7-BAP, HLA-G expression increased later and was lower. There was also a low but maintained expression of some C19MC miRNAs, with more CpG hypomethylation of the ELF5 promoter, suggesting that E7-BAP cultures differentiate slower along the trophoblast lineage. We conclude that while all protocols drive differentiation into trophoblast lineages with varying efficiency, they have advantages and disadvantages that must be considered when selecting a protocol for specific experiments.
人胚胎干细胞(hESCs)在含有骨形态发生蛋白 4(BMP4;B)的培养基中培养分化为滋养层样细胞。在培养基中添加激活素/ nodal 信号抑制剂(A83-01)和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 2(PD173074)抑制剂可抑制中胚层和内胚层的形成,并提高滋养层样谱系的特异性,但效果不一。我们比较了四种含有 BMP4 的培养基中的分化情况:仅 mTeSR1-BMP4、mTeSR1-BAP、含有 BAP 的基础培养基(基础-BAP)和新定义的培养基 E7-BAP。这些培养基可促进早期分化为滋养层样谱系,早期滋养层标志物 CDX2 和 KRT7 的表达上调,多能性标志物(OCT4 和 NANOG)的表达下调。不出所料,基于培养基中 FGF2 及其抑制剂的差异,EOMES 中胚层标志物的下调在培养基之间存在差异。在第 7 天,只有在 E7-BAP 或基础-BAP 中培养的 hESCs 表达 HLA-G 蛋白,表明存在具有绒毛外滋养层特征的细胞。HLA-G 和其他分化标志物(hCG、KRT7 和 GCM1)在基础-BAP 中的表达最高,表明在该培养基中分化更快,但这些培养物更不均匀,仍表达一些内胚层和多能性标志物。在 E7-BAP 中,HLA-G 的表达较晚且较低。一些 C19MC miRNAs 的表达也较低,但维持不变,ELF5 启动子的 CpG 低甲基化程度更高,这表明 E7-BAP 培养物沿着滋养层谱系的分化速度较慢。我们得出结论,虽然所有方案都以不同的效率驱动向滋养层谱系分化,但在选择特定实验的方案时,必须考虑它们的优缺点。