Sun Xibo, Liang Xiaoming, Chen Limin, Liao Chenghao, Zhang Yongbo, Ye Daiqi
School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou 510045, China.
School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Air Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Dec 15;904:166416. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166416. Epub 2023 Sep 1.
China became the world leader in crude oil processing capacity in 2021. However, petroleum refining generates significant volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, and the composite source profile, source-specific emission factors, and emission inventories of VOCs in the petroleum refining industry remain poorly understood. In this study, we focused on Guangdong, China's major province for crude oil processing, and systematically evaluated the historical emissions and reduction of VOCs in the petroleum refining industry from 2001 to 2020. We accomplished this by establishing local source-specific emission factors and composite source profiles. Finally, we quantitatively assessed the potential impact of these emissions on ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation. Our results revealed that VOC emissions from the petroleum refining industry in Guangdong followed an increasing-then-decreasing trend from 2001 to 2020, peaking at 37.3 Gg in 2016 and declining to 18.7 Gg in 2020. Storage tanks and wastewater collection and treatment remained the two largest sources, accounting for 41.9 %-53.4 % and 20.6 %-27.5 % of total emissions, respectively. Initially, Guangzhou and Maoming made the most significant contributions, with Huizhou becoming a notable contributor after 2008. Emission reduction efforts for VOCs in Guangdong's petroleum refining industry began showing results in 2017, with an average annual VOC emission reduction of 21.5 Gg from 2017 to 2020 compared to the unabated scenario. Storage tanks, wastewater collection and treatment, and loading operations were the primary sources of emission reduction, with significant contributions from Maoming, Huizhou, and Guangzhou. Alkanes made the largest contribution to VOC emissions, while alkenes/alkynes and aromatics comprised the most significant portions of ozone formation potential (OFP) and secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAP). We also estimated VOC emissions and reduction from petroleum refining for China from 2001 to 2020, and measures such as "one enterprise, one policy" and deep control strategies could reduce emissions by at least 103.9 Gg.
2021年，中国成为全球原油加工能力领先的国家。然而，石油炼制会产生大量挥发性有机化合物（VOC）排放，而石油炼制行业中VOC的综合源谱、特定源排放因子和排放清单仍未得到充分了解。在本研究中，我们聚焦于中国主要的原油加工省份广东，系统评估了2001年至2020年石油炼制行业VOC的历史排放及减排情况。我们通过建立本地特定源排放因子和综合源谱来实现这一目标。最后，我们定量评估了这些排放对臭氧和二次有机气溶胶形成的潜在影响。我们的结果显示，2001年至2020年广东石油炼制行业的VOC排放呈先上升后下降趋势，2016年达到峰值37.3Gg，2020年降至18.7Gg。储罐以及废水收集与处理仍是两大主要排放源，分别占总排放量的41.9% - 53.4%和20.6% - 27.5%。最初，广州和茂名的贡献最为显著，2008年后惠州也成为重要贡献者。广东石油炼制行业的VOC减排工作在2017年开始显现成效，与未减排情景相比，2017年至2020年VOC年均减排量达21.5Gg。储罐、废水收集与处理以及装卸作业是主要减排源，茂名、惠州和广州贡献显著。烷烃对VOC排放的贡献最大，而烯烃/炔烃和芳烃在臭氧生成潜势（OFP）和二次有机气溶胶生成潜势（SOAP）中占比最大。我们还估算了2001年至2020年中国石油炼制的VOC排放及减排情况，“一企一策”等措施和深度控制策略可使排放量至少减少103.9Gg。
