照料孙辈意愿、代际支持对中国老年人健康有影响吗？基于 CFPS 数据的定量研究。
Does grandchild care intention, intergenerational support have an impact on the health of older adults in China? A quantitative study of CFPS data.
机构信息
Department of Public Administration, School of Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
Department of Social Medicine and Health Administration, School of Government, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
出版信息
Front Public Health. 2023 Aug 24;11:1186798. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1186798. eCollection 2023.
BACKGROUND
With the rising of fertility cost and the implementation of the "universal three-child" policy, the model of intergenerational support for grandchild is becoming an inevitable choice for more and more families in China. As the number of grandchildren increases and the interval between births extends, will the grandchild care intention and grandparents' health be affected?
METHODS
Based on the data of China Family Panel Studies from 2018 and 2020, this study used multiple linear regression and multiple mediation tests to investigate the effect of grandchild care intention and intergenerational support on the health of older adults.
RESULTS
Firstly, actively taking care of grandchild has increased the self-rated health and mental health of older adults by 11.8 and 10.7%, respectively. Secondly, there is heterogeneity in the effect of intergenerational support from adults on health in their parents, among them, economic support improves the physical health by 5.5%; life care increases the self-rated and physical health by 3.3 and 0.8% respectively; emotional comfort improves the physical and mental health by 2.5 and 2.9%, respectively. Thirdly, grandchild care intention has a mediating effect on the health of older adults through economic support, life care, and emotional comfort.
CONCLUSION
The grandchild care intention has positive effect on the health of older adults. The intergenerational supports (economic support, emotional comfort, and life care) have heterogeneous effects on the health of older adults, such as economic support mainly affects the physical health. Older adults who actively take care of their grandchild are more likely to gain intergenerational support and feedback from their adult children, transforming intergenerational support into a "win-win" model of resource reciprocity between generations. Based on this, it is necessary to re-establish the value identity of "caring for older adults" and "raising grandchildren" at the cultural level, continuously improve the fertility support policies at the government level and establish "caring for older adults" support platform at the social level.
背景
随着生育成本的上升和“普遍三孩”政策的实施，隔代照顾孙辈的模式正在成为中国越来越多家庭的必然选择。随着孙辈数量的增加和生育间隔的延长，照料孙辈的意愿和祖辈的健康会受到影响吗？
方法
本研究基于 2018 年和 2020 年中国家庭追踪调查数据，采用多元线性回归和多重中介检验，探讨了照料孙辈意愿和代际支持对老年人健康的影响。
结果
首先，积极照顾孙辈使老年人的自评健康和心理健康分别提高了 11.8%和 10.7%。其次，成人对父母的代际支持对健康的影响存在异质性，其中经济支持提高了老年人的身体健康水平 5.5%；生活照料提高了自评健康和身体健康水平 3.3%和 0.8%；情感慰藉提高了身心健康水平 2.5%和 2.9%。第三，照料孙辈的意愿通过经济支持、生活照料和情感慰藉对老年人的健康状况产生中介作用。
结论
照料孙辈的意愿对老年人的健康有积极影响。代际支持（经济支持、情感慰藉和生活照料）对老年人的健康有不同的影响，如经济支持主要影响身体健康。积极照顾孙辈的老年人更有可能获得成年子女的代际支持和反馈，将代际支持转化为代际资源互惠的“双赢”模式。基于此，有必要在文化层面重新确立“照顾老年人”和“抚养孙辈”的价值认同，在政府层面不断完善生育支持政策，在社会层面建立“照顾老年人”支持平台。
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