Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Kombolcha, Ethiopia.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
BMC Womens Health. 2023 Sep 12;23(1):485. doi: 10.1186/s12905-023-02530-w.
Violence against women is a global public health problem that has numerous adverse effects. However, published literature regarding violence against housemaids during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia is lacking. The current study aims to explore the experiences of violence and associated factors among housemaids in Ethiopia. The findings may be useful to the design appropriate policies, programs and strategies to reduce the problem.
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March, 2021 in Kombolcha Town, Ethiopia. A total of 215 housemaids aged 14 years and older were included in the study using a simple random sampling technique. A multivariable logistic regression model with 95% CI (confidence interval) was applied to identify significant factors of physical and sexual violence. Variables with a P-value < 0.05 were declared as factors significantly associated with violence.
Among 215 housemaids, 33.49% (95% CI: 27.13-39.85%) reported physical violence and 21.4% (95% CI: 15.87-26.92) reported sexual violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, housemaids aged 19-23 years (AOR = 2.64, 95% CI: 1.01-6.89), who had a male employer (AOR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.05-5.45), whose employers chewed chat (Catha edulis) (AOR = 3.78, 95% CI: 1.73-8.29), or drank alcohol (AOR = 2.90, 95% CI: 1.17-7.17) experienced more physical violence. Sexual violence was also associated with employers' alcohol consumption (AOR = 9.72, 95% CI: 3.12-20.31), employers' chat chewing (AOR = 7.40, 95% CI: 2.26-14.21) and male employers (AOR = 3.23, 95% CI: 1.22-8.52).
The findings indicate that one in five housemaids and one in three housemaids experienced sexual violence and physical violence, respectively. Housemaids aged 19-23 years, having a male employer, having an employer who chewed chat (Catha edulis) or who drank alcohol were factors associated with physical violence, whereas employers' alcohol consumption, employers' chat chewing and male employers were factors associated with sexual violence.
暴力侵害妇女是一个全球性的公共卫生问题，它会带来诸多不良影响。然而，目前缺乏关于埃塞俄比亚在 COVID-19 大流行期间针对家庭佣工的暴力行为的文献。本研究旨在探讨埃塞俄比亚家庭佣工的暴力经历及其相关因素。研究结果可能有助于制定适当的政策、方案和战略，以减少这一问题。
本研究为 2021 年 1 月至 3 月在埃塞俄比亚孔博恰镇进行的一项基于社区的横断面研究。使用简单随机抽样技术，共纳入了 215 名年龄在 14 岁及以上的家庭佣工。采用 95%置信区间（CI）的多变量逻辑回归模型来确定身体和性暴力的相关因素。P 值<0.05 的变量被认为与暴力显著相关。
在 215 名家佣中，33.49%（95%CI：27.13-39.85%）报告在 COVID-19 大流行期间遭受过身体暴力，21.4%（95%CI：15.87-26.92%）报告遭受过性暴力。因此，19-23 岁的佣工（AOR=2.64，95%CI：1.01-6.89）、雇主为男性（AOR=2.39，95%CI：1.05-5.45）、雇主咀嚼恰特草（AOR=3.78，95%CI：1.73-8.29）或饮酒（AOR=2.90，95%CI：1.17-7.17）的佣工更易遭受身体暴力。性暴力也与雇主饮酒（AOR=9.72，95%CI：3.12-20.31）、雇主咀嚼恰特草（AOR=7.40，95%CI：2.26-14.21）和雇主为男性（AOR=3.23，95%CI：1.22-8.52）有关。
研究结果表明，五分之一的佣工经历过性暴力，三分之一的佣工经历过身体暴力。19-23 岁的佣工、雇主为男性、雇主咀嚼恰特草或饮酒是身体暴力的相关因素，而雇主饮酒、雇主咀嚼恰特草和雇主为男性是性暴力的相关因素。
