Shen Yingying, Xu Lei, Guo Hao, Ismail Hashmi, Ran Xuan, Zhang Chen, Peng Yuxuan, Zhao Yufei, Liu Wenzhe, Ding Yanfeng, Tang She
College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, PR China.
College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, 210095 Nanjing, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, 210095 Nanjing, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Dec 20;905:167151. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167151. Epub 2023 Sep 18.
The adverse impact of climate change on crop production continues to increase, necessitating the development of suitable strategies to mitigate these effects and improve food security. Several studies have revealed how global warming negatively impacts the grain-filling stage of rice and that this effect could be mitigated by nitrogen; however, the impact of nitrogen application on rice canopy and rhizosphere microbial communities remains unclear. We conducted a study using an open-field warming system. Results showed that warming influenced rice canopy by decreasing aboveground biomass and harvest index, whereas nitrogen application had positive effect on rice production under warming conditions by increasing the plant nitrogen content, biomass, harvest index and soil fertilities. Moreover, soil ammonium nitrogen (NH-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO-N) contents were significantly decreased under warming, which were higher after nitrogen application. Notably, warming and nitrogen fertilizer caused 19 % (P < 0.01) and 7 % (P < 0.05) variations, respectively, in the β diversity of the microbial community, respectively. The impact of warming was significant on NH-N-related microorganisms; however, this impact was weakened by nitrogen application for microbes in the rhizosphere. This study demonstrated that enhanced nitrogen fertilizer can alleviate the adverse impact of warming by weakening its effects on rhizosphere microbes, improving soil fertility, promoting rice nitrogen uptake, and increasing the aboveground biomass and harvest index. These findings provide an important theoretical basis for developing practical, responsive cultivation strategies.
气候变化对作物生产的不利影响持续加剧，因此有必要制定适当策略来减轻这些影响并改善粮食安全。多项研究揭示了全球变暖如何对水稻灌浆期产生负面影响，以及氮素可缓解这种影响；然而，施氮对水稻冠层和根际微生物群落的影响仍不明确。我们使用开放式田间增温系统开展了一项研究。结果表明，增温通过降低地上生物量和收获指数影响水稻冠层，而在增温条件下施氮通过提高植株氮含量、生物量、收获指数和土壤肥力对水稻产量产生积极影响。此外，增温条件下土壤铵态氮（NH₄⁺-N）和硝态氮（NO₃⁻-N）含量显著降低，施氮后则有所升高。值得注意的是，增温和氮肥分别导致微生物群落β多样性发生19%（P < 0.01）和7%（P < 0.05）的变化。增温对与NH₄⁺-N相关的微生物影响显著；然而，施氮减弱了增温对根际微生物的这种影响。本研究表明，增施氮肥可通过减弱对根际微生物的影响、改善土壤肥力、促进水稻氮素吸收以及增加地上生物量和收获指数来缓解增温的不利影响。这些研究结果为制定切实可行的应对栽培策略提供了重要的理论依据。
