Arthroscopic repair with transosseous sling-suture technique for acute and chronic bony Bankart lesions.

BACKGROUND

Failure to fix the fractured fragment can result in bony fragment resorption and consequent glenoid bone loss. Current arthroscopic repair techniques might lead to insecure fixation and refracture. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the transosseous sling-suture technique for bony Bankart lesions, and to compare the clinical outcomes for acute and chronic bony Bankart lesions treated with this technique.

METHODS

A retrospective case series consisting of 46 patients with bony fracture of the glenoid rim following traumatic injury was identified from May 2015 to August 2020. The patients were divided into the acute lesion group and the chronic lesion group according to the time from first injury to surgery. The size of bone fragment was used to group the patients into the small and the medium sized fragment groups. All the patients underwent arthroscopic repairs using the transosseous sling-suture technique. Preoperative and postoperative evaluations including Rowe score, West Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain scores, ROMs and number of dislocations were recorded. No significant differences were found in the comparisons of postoperative ROMs ang functional outcomes regarding between the small and the medium sized fragment groups.

RESULTS

No dislocations occurred for both groups postoperatively. At the last follow-up, all the ROMs (including anterior flexion, abduction, external rotation and internal rotation at the side), the Rowe score, the WOSI score and the VAS score for pain in the both groups were significantly improved compared to the preoperative evaluations (all s < 0.001). In the comparisons between the acute and the chronic lesion groups, significantly greater anterior flexion (158.9 ± 8.9° vs. 153.0 ± 6.4°,  = 0.037), abduction (167.7 ± 10.1° vs. 161.0 ± 7.0°,  = 0.035) and external rotation at the side (88.3 ± 6.4° vs. 83.5 ± 5.5°,  = 0.024) were found in the acute lesion group. The comparisons of the Rowe score (86.0 ± 7.5 vs. 87.5 ± 10.6,  = 0.319), the WOSI score (223.5 ± 56.3 vs. 185.0 ± 79.9,  = 0.062), the VAS score for pain (0.4 ± 0.2 vs. 0.3 ± 0.2,  = 0.324) and the internal rotation at the side (74.6 ± 13.2° vs. 80.5 ± 11.1°,  = 0.116) between these two groups did not demonstrate significant differences between the two groups.

CONCLUSION

This arthroscopic transosseous sling-suture repair technique for shoulder anterior instability with acute and chronic bony Bankart lesion can restore joint stability, improve clinical outcomes and range of motion postoperatively. The acute bony Bankart lesion using the current technique can produce better range of motion compared to the chronic lesion.

STUDY DESIGN

Retrospective case series; Level of evidence, 4.