Zhang Man, Fu Cuncun, Chen Mengfei, Jin Changhai
College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China.
Foods. 2023 Sep 15;12(18):3452. doi: 10.3390/foods12183452.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of salt brining process parameters (salt concentration 0-15%, brining time 4-12 h, brining temperature 4-20 °C) on the quality of sous vide cooked duck meat by a single factor combined with response surface methodology (RSM). The sensory evaluation, physicochemical indexes (color, weight loss, NaCl content, TBARS value, and texture properties), and flavor characteristics were analyzed. The sensory overall mean score was applied as the evaluation index to optimize the brining conditions by RSM, and the optimum results contained a salt concentration of 11.69%, a brining temperature of 7.35 °C, and a brining time of 8.03 h. Under these conditions, the sensory overall mean score of duck meat was 8.59, with a relatively higher a* value and moderate NaCl content. GC-MS and odor activity value (OAV) results indicated that salt brining treatment significantly promoted the formation of the major odorants in duck meat, including pentanal, heptanal, octanal, (E)-2-nonenal, cis-4-decenal, decanal, 2,4-decadienal, (E,E)-2,4-decadienal, 1-heptanol, and 2-methyl-3-octanone, but decreased the content of hexanal, (E)-2-octenal, nonanal, (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal, 1-octen-3-ol, and 1-octen-3-one. 5'-nucleotides in duck meat were significantly increased after brining treatment. Therefore, salt brining treatment could be regarded as an efficient way to improve the sensory, aroma, and taste quality of sous vide cooked meat.
本研究采用单因素结合响应面法(RSM),评估盐渍工艺参数(盐浓度0 - 15%、盐渍时间4 - 12小时、盐渍温度4 - 20℃)对真空低温烹饪鸭肉品质的影响。分析了感官评价、理化指标(颜色、失重、NaCl含量、硫代巴比妥酸反应物值和质地特性)及风味特征。以感官综合平均得分作为评价指标,通过RSM优化盐渍条件,最佳结果为盐浓度11.69%、盐渍温度7.35℃、盐渍时间8.03小时。在此条件下,鸭肉的感官综合平均得分为8.59,a*值相对较高,NaCl含量适中。气相色谱 - 质谱联用(GC - MS)和气味活性值(OAV)结果表明,盐渍处理显著促进了鸭肉中主要气味物质的形成,包括戊醛、庚醛、辛醛、(E)- 2 - 壬烯醛、顺式 - 4 - 癸烯醛、癸醛、2,4 - 癸二烯醛、(E,E)- 2,4 - 癸二烯醛、1 - 庚醇和2 - 甲基 - 3 - 辛酮,但降低了己醛、(E)- 2 - 辛烯醛、壬醛、(E,E)- 2,4 - 壬二烯醛、1 - 辛烯 - 3 - 醇和1 - 辛烯 - 3 - 酮的含量。盐渍处理后鸭肉中的5'-核苷酸显著增加。因此,盐渍处理可被视为提高真空低温烹饪肉感官、香气和风味品质的有效方法。