Ha Jong-Gyun, Cho Hyung-Ju
Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chung-Ang University Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong 14353, Republic of Korea.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Sep 18;24(18):14229. doi: 10.3390/ijms241814229.
The pathophysiology of CRS is multifactorial and complex yet needs to be completed. Recent evidence emphasizes the crucial part played by epithelial cells in the development of CRS. The epithelial cells act as physical barriers and play crucial roles in host defense, including initiating and shaping innate and adaptive immune responses. This review aims to present a comprehensive understanding of the significance of nasal epithelial cells in CRS. New research suggests that epithelial dysfunction plays a role in developing CRS through multiple mechanisms. This refers to issues with a weakened barrier function, disrupted mucociliary clearance, and irregular immune responses. When the epithelial barrier is compromised, it can lead to the passage of pathogens and allergens, triggering inflammation in the body. Furthermore, impaired mucociliary clearance can accumulate pathogens and secretions of inflammatory mediators, promoting chronic inflammation. Epithelial cells can release cytokines and chemokines, which attract and activate immune cells. This can result in an imbalanced immune response that continues to cause inflammation. The interaction between nasal epithelial cells and various immune cells leads to the production of cytokines and chemokines, which can either increase or decrease inflammation. By comprehending the role of epithelial cells in CRS, we can enhance our understanding of the disease's pathogenesis and explore new therapeutics.
慢性鼻-鼻窦炎（CRS）的病理生理学是多因素且复杂的，仍有待完善。最近的证据强调了上皮细胞在CRS发展过程中所起的关键作用。上皮细胞作为物理屏障，在宿主防御中发挥着关键作用，包括启动和塑造先天性和适应性免疫反应。本综述旨在全面理解鼻上皮细胞在CRS中的重要性。新的研究表明，上皮功能障碍通过多种机制在CRS的发生发展中起作用。这涉及屏障功能减弱、黏液纤毛清除功能受损以及免疫反应异常等问题。当上皮屏障受损时，可导致病原体和过敏原进入，引发体内炎症。此外，黏液纤毛清除功能受损会使病原体和炎症介质分泌物积聚，促进慢性炎症。上皮细胞可释放细胞因子和趋化因子，吸引并激活免疫细胞。这可能导致免疫反应失衡，持续引发炎症。鼻上皮细胞与各种免疫细胞之间的相互作用会导致细胞因子和趋化因子的产生，这可能会加重或减轻炎症。通过理解上皮细胞在CRS中的作用，我们可以加深对该疾病发病机制的理解，并探索新的治疗方法。
