Yang Junlan, Li Min, Liu Lu, Zhao Hongjun, Luo Wenqing, Guo Yali, Ji Xiaonan, Hu Wei
Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
J Environ Manage. 2023 Dec 1;347:119140. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119140. Epub 2023 Sep 29.
Phosphorus (P), a non-renewable essential resource, faces heavy exploitation and contributes to eutrophication in aquatic environments. Assessing P input is vital for a healthier P cycle in the Upper Yangtze River (UYR), a phosphate ore rich basin, where P mining and P chemical enterprises have prominent pollution problems. This study modified the net anthropogenic phosphorus input (NAPI) model to include ore mining P input (P). We analyzed the evolutionary characteristics of P input in five sub-basins of UYR from 1989 to 2019 using prefecture-level data, and assessed the uncertainty of the data. NAPI in all sub-basins exhibited an upward and then downward trend during 1989-2019, with the inflection point occurring in 2015 or 2016, showing a net increase of about 1.1 times (568-1162 kg P km yr) in the whole UYR basin. Among the components of NAPI, P fertilizer inputs (P) and food/non-food and feed P inputs (P) contributed comparably, though the growth rate of P was most notable basin-wide. P proportion increased significantly (about 3-fold), with a peak of 20%, especially in Wujiang sub-basin. The multi-year (1989-2019) average NAPI in UYR rose sequentially from west to east, with hotspot areas mainly concentrated in the Sichuan-Chongqing urban agglomeration and cities of Hubei province. The regional P input closely related to the population density and the level of agricultural development, certainly the phosphate mining was also unignorable. This study emphasizes that based on current status of NAPI development in UYR, targeted management for different regions should focus on improving agricultural P use efficiency and rational exploitation of P mineral resources.
磷（P）是一种不可再生的必需资源，面临着过度开采的问题，并导致了水生环境的富营养化。评估磷输入对于长江上游（UYR）更健康的磷循环至关重要，长江上游是一个富含磷矿石的流域，磷矿开采和磷化工企业存在突出的污染问题。本研究对净人为磷输入（NAPI）模型进行了修改，纳入了矿石开采磷输入（P）。我们利用地级市数据，分析了1989年至2019年长江上游五个子流域磷输入的演变特征，并评估了数据的不确定性。1989 - 2019年期间，所有子流域的NAPI均呈现先上升后下降的趋势，转折点出现在2015年或2016年，整个长江上游流域净增加约1.1倍（568 - 1162 kg P km yr）。在NAPI的组成部分中，化肥输入（P）和食物/非食物及饲料磷输入（P）贡献相当，尽管P在全流域的增长率最为显著。P的比例显著增加（约3倍），峰值达到20%，特别是在乌江子流域。长江上游多年（1989 - 2019年）平均NAPI从西向东依次上升，热点区域主要集中在成渝城市群和湖北省的城市。区域磷输入与人口密度和农业发展水平密切相关，当然磷矿开采也不容忽视。本研究强调，基于长江上游NAPI发展的现状，针对不同地区的针对性管理应侧重于提高农业磷利用效率和合理开发磷矿产资源。
