黑水虻脂肪替代棕榈油影响肥胖 Zucker 大鼠盲肠肠道微生物群，并降低其肝脏甘油三酯浓度。

Fat from Hermetia illucens Alters the Cecal Gut Microbiome and Lowers Hepatic Triglyceride Concentration in Comparison to Palm Oil in Obese Zucker Rats.

机构信息

Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring, Giessen, Germany.

Nutrition and Microbiota, Institute of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bonn, Germany.

出版信息

J Nutr. 2024 Feb;154(2):455-468. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.09.019. Epub 2023 Sep 29.

DOI:10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.09.019

PMID:37778509

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Palm oil (PO) is the most widely utilized plant oil for food production. Owing to the great ecologic problems associated with PO production, sustainably produced fats, such as insect fat, might be a suitable alternative.

OBJECTIVES

The hypothesis was tested that fat from Hermetia illucens larvae (HF) compared with PO and soybean oil (SO) has no adverse effects on hepatic lipid metabolism, plasma metabolome, and cecal microbiome in obese Zucker rats.

METHODS

Thirty male obese Zucker rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups (SO, PO, HF; n = 10 rats/group) and fed 3 different semisynthetic diets containing either SO, PO, or HF as the main fat source for 4 wk. The effects were evaluated by measurement of liver and plasma lipid concentrations, liver transcriptomics, targeted plasma metabolomics, and cecal microbiomics.

RESULTS

Supplementation of HF reduced hepatic triglyceride concentration and messenger ribonucleic acid concentrations of selected genes involved in fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis in comparison to PO (P < 0.05). Pairwise comparison of the Simpson index and Jaccard index showed a higher cecal microbial α- and β-diversity in rats fed the HF diet than in rats fed the PO diet (P = 0.015 and P = 0.027), but no difference between rats fed the diets with SO or PO. Taxonomic analysis of the cecal microbial community revealed a lower abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and a higher abundance of Blautia, Mucispirillum, Anaerotruncus, Harryflintia, and Peptococcus in rats supplemented with HF than in rats supplemented with PO (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

HF, compared with PO, has liver lipid-lowering effects in obese Zucker rats, which may be caused by a shift in the gut microbial community. Thus, HF might serve as a sustainably produced fat alternative to PO for food production.

摘要

背景

棕榈油（PO）是食品生产中应用最广泛的植物油脂。由于与 PO 生产相关的巨大生态问题，可持续生产的脂肪，如昆虫脂肪，可能是一种合适的替代品。

目的

本研究假设，与 PO 和大豆油（SO）相比，Hermetia illucens 幼虫脂肪（HF）对肥胖 Zucker 大鼠的肝脂质代谢、血浆代谢组和盲肠微生物组没有不良影响。

方法

将 30 只雄性肥胖 Zucker 大鼠随机分为 3 组（SO、PO、HF；每组 10 只大鼠），并分别用含有 SO、PO 或 HF 作为主要脂肪来源的 3 种半合成饮食喂养 4 周。通过测量肝和血浆脂质浓度、肝转录组学、靶向血浆代谢组学和盲肠微生物组学来评估效果。

结果

与 PO 相比，HF 补充可降低肝甘油三酯浓度和参与脂肪酸和甘油三酯合成的选定基因的信使核糖核酸浓度（P < 0.05）。Simpson 指数和 Jaccard 指数的两两比较显示，饲喂 HF 饮食的大鼠盲肠微生物的 α-和 β-多样性高于饲喂 PO 饮食的大鼠（P = 0.015 和 P = 0.027），但 SO 或 PO 饮食大鼠之间没有差异。盲肠微生物群落的分类分析显示，与 PO 相比，HF 补充可降低 Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 的丰度，增加 Blautia、Mucispirillum、Anaerotruncus、Harryflintia 和 Peptococcus 的丰度（P < 0.05）。