Shirali Arun, M Yeshoda, Shirali Priyanka Arun
Department of General Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
Department of Physiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.
Ann Neurosci. 2023 Jul;30(3):163-168. doi: 10.1177/09727531221144112. Epub 2023 Jan 11.
In India, a number of diabetes patients are rising, around 41 million Indians are suffering from diabetes. The depressed mood of an individual restricts the performance of that individual-socially, financially, and health-wise.
Patients with diabetes having depression have shown worst diabetes outcomes in contrast to those suffering from type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) only, perhaps due to neglect at retaining a specific dietary regimen to control blood sugar levels, and/or not complying with regular exercise, consistent lifestyle, and treatment course. Our study aimed to analyze the presence of undiagnosed depression among adult diabetes patients and correlate complications and duration of T2DM with depression.
This cross-sectional observational study was conducted on diabetes cases visiting Out Patient Department (OPD) at Tertiary Care Hospital in South India. After obtaining ethics committee clearance, known diabetes adult patients on regular treatment fulfilling selection criteria, and willing to join in the study were randomly selected. Participants were interviewed, clinically examined and data pertaining to sociodemographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, clinical parameters etc., were collected. Depression was judged using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS17) questionnaire. The association of depression with glycemic control, duration, and comorbidities associated with T2DM was studied.
Of 224 T2DM patients studied, the average age was 58 years, with a Male-to-Female ratio 2:1. In total, 49 (22%) had undiagnosed depression, and 175 (78%) were not having clinically obvious depression. In our study, depression was significantly associated with older age, occurrence of complications like retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, and heart disease, and duration of diabetes ( < .005).
Almost a fifth of diabetes individuals had undiagnosed depression. Proper diagnosis of depression among T2DM patients and intervention at right time can change the prognosis for patients, preventing further morbidities.
在印度，糖尿病患者数量不断增加，约4100万印度人患有糖尿病。个体的抑郁情绪会在社交、经济和健康方面限制其表现。
与仅患有2型糖尿病（T2DM）的患者相比，患有抑郁症的糖尿病患者的糖尿病结局更差，这可能是由于忽视了维持特定饮食方案以控制血糖水平，和/或未坚持规律运动、保持一致的生活方式以及遵循治疗过程。我们的研究旨在分析成年糖尿病患者中未被诊断出的抑郁症的存在情况，并将T2DM的并发症和病程与抑郁症相关联。
这项横断面观察性研究是针对在印度南部三级护理医院门诊就诊的糖尿病病例进行的。获得伦理委员会批准后，随机选择符合入选标准且正在接受常规治疗、愿意参与研究的已知成年糖尿病患者。对参与者进行访谈、临床检查，并收集有关社会人口学特征、合并症、临床参数等的数据。使用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HDRS17）问卷判断是否患有抑郁症。研究了抑郁症与血糖控制、病程以及与T2DM相关的合并症之间的关联。
在研究的224例T2DM患者中，平均年龄为58岁，男女比例为2:1。总共有49例（22%）患有未被诊断出的抑郁症，175例（78%）没有明显的临床抑郁症。在我们的研究中，抑郁症与年龄较大、视网膜病变、神经病变、肾病和心脏病等并发症的发生以及糖尿病病程显著相关（P<0.005）。
几乎五分之一的糖尿病患者患有未被诊断出的抑郁症。对T2DM患者进行抑郁症的正确诊断并及时干预可以改变患者的预后，预防进一步的发病。
