Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Yale J Biol Med. 2023 Sep 29;96(3):383-396. doi: 10.59249/UTCP9818. eCollection 2023 Sep.
Spondylocarpotarsal synostosis (SCT) syndrome is a very rare and severe form of skeletal dysplasia. The hallmark features of SCT are disproportionate short stature, scoliosis, fusion of carpal and tarsal bones, and clubfoot. Other common manifestations are cleft palate, conductive and sensorineural hearing loss, joint stiffness, and dental enamel hypoplasia. Homozygous variants in are known to cause SCT. This study was aimed to investigate the phenotypic and genetic basis of unique presentation of SCT syndrome segregating in a consanguineous Pakistani family. Three of the four affected siblings evaluated had severe short stature, short trunk, short neck, kyphoscoliosis, pectus carinatum, and winged scapula. The subjects had difficulty in walking and gait problems and complained of knee pain and backache. Roentgenographic examination of the eldest patient revealed gross anomalies in the axial skeleton including thoracolumbar and cervical fusion of ribs, severe kyphoscoliosis, thoracic and lumbar lordosis, coxa valga, fusion of certain carpals and tarsals, and clinodactyly. The patients had normal faces and lacked other typical features of SCT like cleft palate, conductive and sensorineural hearing loss, joint stiffness, and dental enamel hypoplasia. Whole exome sequencing (WES) of two affected siblings led to the discovery of a rare stop-gain variant c.220C>T (p.(Gln74*)) in exon 1 of the gene. The variant was homozygous and segregated with the malformation in this family. This study reports extensive phenotypic variability in SCT and expands the mutation spectrum of .
脊柱-颅足综合征(SCT)是一种非常罕见且严重的骨骼发育不良。SCT 的标志性特征是不成比例的身材矮小、脊柱侧凸、腕骨和跗骨融合以及马蹄足。其他常见表现包括腭裂、传导性和感音神经性听力损失、关节僵硬和牙釉质发育不全。已知 中的纯合变异可导致 SCT。本研究旨在探讨在一个有亲缘关系的巴基斯坦家庭中分离的 SCT 综合征独特表现的表型和遗传基础。评估的四个受影响的兄弟姐妹中有三个患有严重的身材矮小、短躯干、短颈、脊柱后凸侧凸、鸡胸和翼状肩胛骨。受影响者行走困难,步态有问题,并抱怨膝关节疼痛和背痛。对最大的患者进行 X 线检查显示轴向骨骼的严重畸形,包括胸腰椎和肋骨融合、严重的脊柱后凸侧凸、胸椎和腰椎前凸、髋外翻、某些腕骨和跗骨融合以及指骨内弯。患者面部正常,缺乏 SCT 的其他典型特征,如腭裂、传导性和感音神经性听力损失、关节僵硬和牙釉质发育不全。对两个受影响的兄弟姐妹进行全外显子组测序(WES)导致发现 基因第 1 外显子中罕见的无义变异 c.220C>T(p.(Gln74*))。该变异为纯合子,并与该家族的畸形遗传。本研究报告了 SCT 的广泛表型变异性,并扩展了 的突变谱。