Integrative Bioinformatics, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 T. W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2023 Nov-Dec;100:107301. doi: 10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107301. Epub 2023 Oct 1.
Compromised maternal health leading to maternal seizures can have adverse effects on the healthy development of offspring. This may be the result of inflammation, hypoxia-ischemia, and altered GABA signaling. The current study examined cortical tissue from F2b (2nd litter of the 2nd generation) postnatal day 4 (PND4) offspring of female Harlan SD rats chronically exposed to the seizuregenic compound, 4-Methylimidazole (0, 750, or 2500 ppm 4-MeI). Maternal seizures were evident only at 2500 ppm 4-MeI. GABA related gene expression as examined by qRT-PCR and whole genome microarray showed no indication of disrupted GABA or glutamatergic signaling. Canonical pathway hierarchical clustering and multi-omics combinatory genomic (CNet) plots of differentially expressed genes (DEG) showed alterations in genes associated with regulatory processes of cell development including neuronal differentiation and synaptogenesis. Functional enrichment analysis showed a similarity of cellular processes across the two exposure groups however, the genes comprising each cluster were primarily unique rather than shared and often showed different directionality. A dose-related induction of cytokine signaling was indicated however, pathways associated with individual cytokine signaling were not elevated, suggesting an alternative involvement of cytokine signaling. Pathways related to growth process and cell signaling showed a negative activation supporting an interpretation of disruption or delay in developmental processes at the 2500 ppm 4-MeI exposure level with maternal seizures. Thus, while GABA signaling was not altered as has been observed with maternal seizures, the pattern of DEG suggested a potential for alteration in neuronal network formation.
母体健康受损导致的母体癫痫发作可能会对后代的健康发育产生不良影响。这可能是由于炎症、缺氧缺血和 GABA 信号改变所致。本研究检测了慢性暴露于致痫化合物 4-甲基咪唑(0、750 或 2500 ppm 4-MeI)的哈兰 SD 大鼠雌性 F2b(第二代的第二窝)后代出生后第 4 天(PND4)皮质组织。只有在 2500 ppm 4-MeI 时才会出现母体癫痫发作。qRT-PCR 和全基因组微阵列检测的 GABA 相关基因表达表明,GABA 或谷氨酸能信号没有中断的迹象。差异表达基因(DEG)的典型途径层次聚类和多组学组合基因组(CNet)图谱显示,与细胞发育的调节过程相关的基因发生了改变,包括神经元分化和突触发生。功能富集分析表明,两个暴露组的细胞过程具有相似性,然而,组成每个簇的基因主要是独特的而不是共享的,并且经常显示出不同的方向性。尽管细胞因子信号转导呈剂量相关性诱导,但单个细胞因子信号转导相关途径并未升高,这表明细胞因子信号转导可能存在替代参与。与生长过程和细胞信号转导相关的途径显示出负激活,支持在母体癫痫发作的 2500 ppm 4-MeI 暴露水平下,发育过程中断或延迟的解释。因此,尽管 GABA 信号没有像母体癫痫发作那样改变,但 DEG 的模式表明神经元网络形成可能发生改变。