Laboratorio de Bioinformática, Biología Molecular y Desarrollos Tecnológicos. Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería. Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.
T. C. Jenkins Department of Biophysics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Parasit Vectors. 2023 Oct 6;16(1):349. doi: 10.1186/s13071-023-05958-z.
Taenia solium is a parasite of public health concern, causing human taeniasis and cysticercosis. Two main genotypes have been identified: Asian and African-American. Although characterizing T. solium genotypes is crucial to understanding the genetic epidemiology of its diseases, not much is known about the differences between T. solium mitochondrial genomes from different genotypes. Also, little is known about whether genotypes are further subdivided. Therefore, this study aimed to identify a set of point mutations distributed throughout the T. solium mitochondrial genome that differentiate the African-American from the Asian genotype. Another objective was to identify whether T. solium main genotypes are further stratified.
One Mexican and two Peruvian T. solium mitochondrial genomes were assembled using reads available in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive and the reference genome from China as a template. Mutations with respect to the Chinese reference were identified by multiple genome alignment. Jensen-Shannon and Grantham scores were computed for mutations in protein-coding genes to evaluate whether they affected protein function. Phylogenies by Bayesian inference and haplotype networks were constructed using cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and cytochrome b from these genomes and other isolates to infer phylogeographical relationships.
A set of 31 novel non-synonymous point mutations present in all genomes of the African-American genotype were identified. These mutations were distributed across the mitochondrial genome, differentiating the African-American from the Asian genotype. All occurred in non-conserved protein positions. Furthermore, the analysis suggested a stratification of the African-American genotypes into an East African and a West African sublineage.
A novel set of 31 non-synonymous mutations differentiating the main T. solium genotypes was identified. None of these seem to be causing differences in mitochondrial protein function between parasites of the two genotypes. Furthermore, two sublineages within the African-American genotype are proposed for the first time. The presence of the East African sublineage in the Americas suggests an underestimated connection between East African and Latin American countries that might have arisen in the major slave trade between Portuguese Mozambique and the Americas. The results obtained here help to complete the molecular epidemiology of the parasite.
猪带绦虫是一种公共卫生关注的寄生虫，可引起人体带绦虫病和囊虫病。已确定两种主要基因型：亚洲型和非裔美国人型。虽然确定猪带绦虫基因型对于了解其疾病的遗传流行病学至关重要，但对于不同基因型的猪带绦虫线粒体基因组之间的差异知之甚少。此外，对于基因型是否进一步细分也知之甚少。因此，本研究旨在确定一组分布在猪带绦虫线粒体基因组中的点突变，以区分非裔美国型和亚洲型。另一个目的是确定猪带绦虫主要基因型是否进一步分层。
使用可从 NCBI Sequence Read Archive 获得的读取和中国的参考基因组作为模板，组装了一个墨西哥和两个秘鲁的猪带绦虫线粒体基因组。通过多基因组比对确定与中国参考基因组的突变。计算蛋白质编码基因中的 Jensen-Shannon 和 Grantham 评分，以评估它们是否影响蛋白质功能。使用来自这些基因组和其他分离株的细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚基 1 和细胞色素 b 构建贝叶斯推断和单倍型网络的系统发育，以推断系统发育关系。
在所有非裔美国型基因组中均发现了一组 31 个新的非同义点突变。这些突变分布在整个线粒体基因组中，将非裔美国型与亚洲型区分开来。所有这些都发生在非保守的蛋白质位置。此外，分析表明非裔美国型基因型分为东非和西非亚系。
确定了一组区分主要猪带绦虫基因型的新的 31 个非同义突变。这些突变似乎都不会导致两种基因型寄生虫中线粒体蛋白功能的差异。此外，首次提出了非裔美国型基因型的两个亚系。在美洲发现东非亚系表明，东非和拉丁美洲国家之间的联系被低估了，这种联系可能是在葡萄牙莫桑比克和美洲之间的主要奴隶贸易中产生的。这里获得的结果有助于完成寄生虫的分子流行病学研究。
