OBJECTIVES: The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the prevalence of tooth transposition within an orthodontic population and explore its correlation with facial biotype, skeletal class and sex. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study examined a sample of 2,500 initial orthodontic records from consecutive orthodontic patients who received treatment at the Master Universitario de Orthodontia (Madrid, Spain) between 2014 and 2023. Patients exhibiting incomplete or poor-quality medical records were excluded from the study. The chi-square test was used to assess variations in distribution based on facial biotype, skeletal class and sex. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The study findings revealed a tooth transposition prevalence rate of 0.28%. No significant differences in prevalence were observed based on sex or facial biotype, but the prevalence of transposition was found to be higher among class I patients (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of tooth transposition among orthodontic patients is relatively low (0.28%). However, it is more commonly observed among patients with skeletal class I malocclusion.