Fagan Nicole, Conlon Niall, Ridge Katie
Wellcome-HRB Clinical Research Facility, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
UCARE Centre, Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
World Allergy Organ J. 2023 Sep 30;16(9):100815. doi: 10.1016/j.waojou.2023.100815. eCollection 2023 Sep.
Schnitzler syndrome (SchS) is an autoinflammatory disease that is defined by the presence of 2 obligate criteria; an IgM or IgG monoclonal paraprotein and a chronic urticarial rash. Typically, there is an excellent clinical response to IL-1 antagonism. There are reports in the literature of a variant type of SchS that does not fulfil the 2 obligate criteria but responds to IL-1 blockade. Equally, there are reports of an urticarial rash preceding the development of a paraprotein by several years. We describe 3 cases in this manuscript. The first fits the Strasbourg diagnostic criteria of SchS, Simon and Asli (2013); however, with several decades of diagnostic delay. The second case at initial presentation did not fit the major criteria for SchS; however, later developed a monoclonal IgM. Finally we report, a third case that has not yet been confirmed to have a monoclonal IgM/IgG at the time of writing despite 12 years of symptoms and in whom a somatic autoinflammatory disorder remains within the differential. All cases responded strikingly to anakinra, an IL-1 receptor blocker. We propose a new clinical entity, paraprotein negative IL-1 mediated inflammatory dermatosis (PANID), that may act as a precursor or risk factor for the development of SchS or other autoinflammatory conditions.
施尼茨勒综合征(SchS)是一种自身炎症性疾病,由两项必备标准定义:IgM或IgG单克隆副蛋白血症以及慢性荨麻疹样皮疹。通常,对IL-1拮抗治疗有良好的临床反应。文献中有报道称存在一种变异型SchS,不符合这两项必备标准,但对IL-1阻断治疗有反应。同样,也有报告称在出现单克隆副蛋白血症的数年前就出现了荨麻疹样皮疹。我们在本手稿中描述了3例病例。第一例符合施尼茨勒综合征的斯特拉斯堡诊断标准(西蒙和阿斯利,2013年);然而,诊断延迟了数十年。第二例在初次就诊时不符合施尼茨勒综合征的主要标准;然而,后来出现了单克隆IgM。最后,我们报告第三例病例,在撰写本文时,尽管有12年的症状,但尚未证实存在单克隆IgM/IgG,其鉴别诊断仍包括体细胞自身炎症性疾病。所有病例对IL-1受体阻滞剂阿那白滞素均有显著反应。我们提出了一种新的临床实体,即副蛋白阴性IL-1介导的炎症性皮肤病(PANID),它可能是施尼茨勒综合征或其他自身炎症性疾病发生的前驱或危险因素。