National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India.
Funct Integr Genomics. 2023 Oct 14;23(4):317. doi: 10.1007/s10142-023-01244-4.
Rice is a major global staple food crop, and improving its grain yield and nutritional quality has been a major thrust research area since last decades. Yield and nutritional quality are complex traits which are controlled by multiple signaling pathways. Sincere efforts during past decades of research have identified several key genetic and molecular regulators that governed these complex traits. The advent of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated gene knockout approaches has accelerated the development of improved varieties; however, finding out target gene with negative regulatory function in particular trait without giving any pleiotropic effect remains a challenge. Here, we have reviewed past and recent literature and identified important negative regulators of grain yield and mineral contents which could be potential targets for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene knockout. Additionally, we have also compiled a list of microRNAs (miRNAs), which target positive regulators of grain yield, plant stress tolerance, and grain mineral contents. Knocking out these miRNAs could help to increase expression of such positive regulators and thus improve the plant trait. The knowledge presented in this review would help to further accelerate the CRISPR-Cas9-mediated trait improvement in rice.
水稻是全球主要的粮食作物之一，提高其产量和营养品质一直是过去几十年研究的重点。产量和营养品质是由多个信号通路控制的复杂性状。过去几十年的研究已经确定了几个关键的遗传和分子调控因子，这些因子控制着这些复杂的性状。聚类规则间隔短回文重复（CRISPR）-CRISPR 相关蛋白 9（Cas9）介导的基因敲除方法的出现加速了改良品种的发展；然而，在不产生任何多效性影响的情况下，找到特定性状的负调控基因仍然是一个挑战。在这里，我们回顾了过去和最近的文献，确定了对粒产量和矿物质含量有重要负调控作用的基因，这些基因可能是 CRISPR-Cas9 介导的基因敲除的潜在靶点。此外，我们还整理了一批针对粒产量、植物抗逆性和谷物矿物质含量的正调控因子的 microRNAs（miRNAs）。敲除这些 miRNA 可以帮助增加这些正调控因子的表达，从而改善植物性状。本文综述的知识将有助于进一步加速水稻中 CRISPR-Cas9 介导的性状改良。
