接种疫苗或感染 COVID-19 后母乳中抗 SARS-CoV-2 特异性 IgG 水平的研究。

Investigation of Anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG Levels in Breast Milk after Vaccination or COVID-19 Infection.

机构信息

Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Ondokuz Mayıs University, School of Medicine, Samsun, Türkiye.

Department of Medical Microbiology, Ondokuz Mayis University, School of Medicine, Samsun, Türkiye.

出版信息

Am J Perinatol. 2024 May;41(S 01):e3085-e3090. doi: 10.1055/a-2192-0655. Epub 2023 Oct 16.

DOI:10.1055/a-2192-0655

PMID:37846474

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

Newborns are vulnerable to all types of infections due to their developing immune system. To compensate for their immune immaturity, newborns rely on the passive transfer of antibodies through the placenta and own mother's breast milk (BM). In the present study, we investigated whether vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 leads to the presence of antibodies in BM. Furthermore, we compared the levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific anti-spike (anti-S) IgG antibodies in the BM of mothers who were vaccinated against Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or had coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection naturally or were vaccinated after natural infection.

STUDY DESIGN

This was a prospective cohort study conducted in the Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Medicine. Forty-six mothers who had at least two doses of the BNT162b2 messenger RNA-based vaccine and/or had a history of symptomatic COVID-19 infection were included in the study. BM samples were analyzed by the Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant kit following the manufacturer's instructions.

RESULTS

Forty-six mothers with an average age of 29.7 ± 5.7 years participated the study: 18 (39.1%) had COVID-19 infection + BTN162b2 vaccine, 17 (37.0%) had BTN162b2 vaccine, and 11 (23.9%) had natural infection. The highest SARS-CoV-2-specific anti-S IgG antibody titers in BM were found in mothers who were vaccinated following the infection (anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG: 32.48 ± 57.1 arbitrary units AU/mL). However, no significant difference in anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels was observed between the three groups ( = 0.641). No antibody was detected in 15.2% of BM samples.

CONCLUSION

Both vaccination and natural COVID-19 infection during pregnancy leads to the passive transfer of specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies to BM. These results are important to overcome vaccine hesitancy and increase vaccination levels in expectant mothers.

KEY POINTS

· We investigated the levels of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in BM after natural infection and vaccination.. · Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were detected in 39 (84.8%) BM samples.. · The highest titers in BM were found in mothers who were vaccinated following natural infection..

摘要

目的

由于新生儿免疫系统尚未发育成熟，他们容易受到各种感染。为了弥补免疫不成熟，新生儿依赖于通过胎盘和自身母亲的母乳（BM）被动传递抗体。在本研究中，我们调查了接种 SARS-CoV-2 疫苗是否会导致 BM 中存在抗体。此外，我们比较了接种过针对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2（SARS-CoV-2）的 BNT162b2 信使 RNA 疫苗或自然感染过 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）或自然感染后接种过疫苗的母亲 BM 中 SARS-CoV-2 特异性抗刺突（anti-S）IgG 抗体的水平。

研究设计

这是一项在奥登尼兹·梅伊斯大学医学院进行的前瞻性队列研究。共有 46 名至少接受过两剂 BNT162b2 信使 RNA 疫苗接种或有症状 COVID-19 感染史的母亲参与了这项研究。BM 样本按照制造商的说明使用 Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant 试剂盒进行分析。

结果

46 名平均年龄为 29.7±5.7 岁的母亲参与了这项研究：18 名（39.1%）有 COVID-19 感染+BNT162b2 疫苗，17 名（37.0%）有 BNT162b2 疫苗，11 名（23.9%）有自然感染。在感染后接种疫苗的母亲的 BM 中发现了最高的 SARS-CoV-2 特异性抗-S IgG 抗体滴度（抗-SARS-CoV-2 IgG：32.48±57.1 个任意单位 AU/mL）。然而，三组间抗-SARS-CoV-2 抗体水平无显著差异（ = 0.641）。15.2%的 BM 样本中未检测到抗体。