Artificial intelligence for the vascular surgeon.

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has permeated different aspects of vascular surgery to solve challenges in clinical practice. Although AI in vascular surgery is still in its early stages, there have been promising developments in its applications to vascular diagnosis, risk stratification, and outcome prediction. By establishing a baseline knowledge of AI, vascular surgeons are better equipped to use and interpret the data from these types of projects. This review aims to provide an overview of the fundamentals of AI and highlight its role in helping vascular surgeons overcome the challenges of clinical practice. In addition, we discuss the limitations of AI and how they affect AI applications.