Bityutskii Nikolai P, Yakkonen Kirill L, Napolskikh Yulia M, Pampur Danil, Yuriev Gleb O, Semenov Konstantin N, Letenko Dmitry G
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Nab., Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2023 Nov;204:108095. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108095. Epub 2023 Oct 16.
Copper (Cu), when in excess, is one of the most toxic and hazardous metals to all living organisms, including plants. Engineered nanomaterials have the potential for increasing crop protection. However, the protective role of fullerenes (carbon-based nanoparticles with wide application in various areas) against Cu toxicity in plants is, so far, understudied. The present study investigated whether fullerenes can potentially alleviate Cu toxicity in plants (Cucumis sativus L.). Two water-soluble fullerene C derivatives were examined: fullerenol [C(OH)] and arginine-functionalized fullerene [C(CHNO)H], under controlled conditions using hydroponics. Plants treated with 15 μM of Cu exhibited typical symptoms of Cu toxicity: impaired growth, leaf chlorosis, reduced photosynthetic activity, nutritional imbalances, and enhanced lipid peroxidation. These symptoms were alleviated in the presence of fullerene derivatives with arginine C having the more pronounced effect. Improved cucumber Cu tolerance was attributable to Cu buffering in the root zone (roots and medium), which caused a dramatic decline in Cu transport towards leaves and the elimination of oxidative damage. The Cu removal efficacy of arginine C was much greater than that of fullerenol. These fullerenes acted in a dose-dependent manner and removed Cu selectively without significant modification of the bioavailability of other essential nutrients. Treatment with free arginine did not affect Cu immobilization or Cu toxicity. These results suggest that the surface chemistry of the fullerene core is important for the protection of plants under excessive Cu conditions. The information offered a new approach to preparing promising practical materials for alleviating Cu toxicity in plants with potential application in fields.
铜（Cu）过量时，是对包括植物在内的所有生物毒性最强、危害最大的金属之一。工程纳米材料具有增强作物保护的潜力。然而，富勒烯（在各个领域有广泛应用的碳基纳米颗粒）对植物铜毒性的保护作用，目前尚未得到充分研究。本研究调查了富勒烯是否有可能减轻植物（黄瓜）的铜毒性。在水培控制条件下，研究了两种水溶性富勒烯C衍生物：富勒醇[C(OH)]和精氨酸功能化富勒烯[C(CHNO)H]。用15 μM铜处理的植物表现出典型的铜毒性症状：生长受损、叶片黄化、光合活性降低、营养失衡以及脂质过氧化增强。在富勒烯衍生物存在的情况下，这些症状得到缓解，其中精氨酸C的效果更显著。黄瓜对铜耐受性的提高归因于根区（根和培养基）对铜的缓冲作用，这导致向叶片运输的铜显著减少，并消除了氧化损伤。精氨酸C对铜的去除效果远大于富勒醇。这些富勒烯以剂量依赖的方式起作用，选择性地去除铜，而不会显著改变其他必需养分的生物有效性。用游离精氨酸处理不影响铜的固定或铜毒性。这些结果表明，富勒烯核心的表面化学性质对于在铜过量条件下保护植物很重要。这些信息为制备有前景的实用材料提供了一种新方法，以减轻植物中的铜毒性，并在田间具有潜在应用价值。
