Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA.
School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Jan 15;908:168230. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168230. Epub 2023 Nov 10.
Dust samples collected by researchers and study participants from 43 U.S. urban homes were analyzed and compared to evaluate the feasibility of using participant-collected samples to assess indoor environmental exposures. The microbial and chemical composition of participant-collected (and shipped) samples were compared to researcher-collected samples from the same household, using dust recovered from each home's heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) filter. The bacterial and fungal communities present in all dust samples were determined via MiSeq 16S and ITS sequencing, and the concentrations of 27 semi-volatile organic compounds (7 orthophosphates, 6 phthalates, and 14 brominated flame retardants) were determined via GC-MS. Self-report data on the home environment was collected via an online survey of study participants. While the researcher-collected samples (RCS) yielded greater mass than the participant-collected samples (PCS), the alpha and beta diversities of the bacterial and fungal communities recovered in the RCS and PCS were not significantly different, indicating that PCS is a viable option for indoor microbiome studies of residential homes. The microbial communities recovered in both cases reflected the dominance of human-associated bacterial taxa and outdoor-associated fungal taxa with similar pathogen-associated taxa present in each sample type. In both PCS and RCS, the amount of carpet in the home and the frequency of bleach use had a significant effect on the composition of fungal communities. Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) of potential human health concern, were commonly detected in the homes. Organophosphates and phthalates were recovered at a similar frequency in both PCS and RCS. Measured SVOC concentration levels were consistent with previous indoor studies although differences were observed between PCS and RCS for several SVOCs. This study demonstrates the potential and challenges associated with participant-collected dust samples for indoor environment studies.
研究人员和研究参与者从美国 43 个城市家庭收集的灰尘样本进行了分析和比较，以评估使用参与者收集的样本评估室内环境暴露的可行性。使用从每个家庭的加热、通风和空调 (HVAC) 过滤器中回收的灰尘，比较了参与者收集（和运输）的样本与来自同一家庭的研究人员收集的样本的微生物和化学成分。通过 MiSeq 16S 和 ITS 测序确定所有灰尘样本中存在的细菌和真菌群落，通过 GC-MS 确定 27 种半挥发性有机化合物（7 种正磷酸盐、6 种邻苯二甲酸酯和 14 种溴化阻燃剂）的浓度。通过对研究参与者的在线调查收集了有关家庭环境的自我报告数据。虽然研究人员收集的样本（RCS）的质量大于参与者收集的样本（PCS），但在 RCS 和 PCS 中回收的细菌和真菌群落的 alpha 和 beta 多样性没有显著差异，表明 PCS 是住宅室内微生物组研究的可行选择。两种情况下回收的微生物群落都反映了与人相关的细菌类群和与室外相关的真菌类群的优势，每种样本类型都存在类似的病原体相关类群。在 PCS 和 RCS 中，家庭中地毯的数量和漂白剂的使用频率对真菌群落的组成有显著影响。室内研究中通常检测到具有潜在人类健康关注的半挥发性有机化合物（SVOC）。在 PCS 和 RCS 中都以相似的频率回收有机磷酸盐和邻苯二甲酸酯。测量的 SVOC 浓度水平与以前的室内研究一致，尽管在 PCS 和 RCS 之间观察到几种 SVOC 的差异。本研究表明，参与者收集的灰尘样本用于室内环境研究具有潜力和挑战。
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