Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan.
Department of Anesthesiology, Hiroshima Prefectural Rehabilitation Center, Hiroshima 739-0036, Japan.
Genes (Basel). 2023 Oct 27;14(11):2009. doi: 10.3390/genes14112009.
Remimazolam is a novel general anesthetic and its safety in patients with malignant hyperthermia (MH) is unknown. We used myotubes derived from the skeletal muscle of patients with MH to examine the response to ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1) agonist and remimazolam in MH-susceptible patients. Patients underwent muscle biopsy for the Ca-induced Ca release (CICR) rate test, a diagnostic tool for MH in Japan. Ten patients had myotubes obtained from skeletal muscle cultures, and the genes associated with malignant hyperthermia in these patients were analyzed. The EC of caffeine, cresol, and remimazolam to induce intracellular calcium concentration change were compared between myotubes from CICR-negative genetic test patients and myotubes from other patients. Eight of the ten were CICR-positive, five of whom had RYR1 causative gene mutations or variants. Two patients had CICR-negative genetic tests, and as expected had the highest EC (the concentration of a drug that gives a half-maximal response) in response to caffeine, 4CmC and remimazolam. Three patients had a positive CICR but no known variants in RYR1 or CACNA1S (voltage-gated calcium channel subunit alpha1S). Myotubes in these patients had significantly lower EC50s for all agents than myotubes in CICR-negative patients. When myotubes from a patient who was CICR-negative and had no gene variant were used as a control, myotubes from CICR-positive patients were more hyper-responsive than controls to all stimulants used. The EC for remimazolam was lowest for myotubes from CICR-positive, RYR1-mutant patients, at 206 µM (corresponding to 123 µg/mL). The concentration was more than 80-times higher than the clinical concentration. gene variants in R4645Q and W5020G were shown to be causative gene mutations for MH. Intracellular calcium in myotubes from MH patients are elevated at high concentrations of remimazolam but not at clinically used concentrations of remimazolam. Remimazolam appears to be safe to use in patients with MH.
雷米唑仑是一种新型全身麻醉药物,其在恶性高热(MH)患者中的安全性尚不清楚。我们使用来自 MH 患者的骨骼肌衍生的肌管来研究对 Ryanodine 受体 1(RYR1)激动剂和雷米唑仑的反应,这些患者对 RYR1 敏感。患者接受肌肉活检以进行钙离子诱导的钙离子释放(CICR)率测试,这是日本用于诊断 MH 的工具。10 名患者进行了骨骼肌培养获得肌管,分析了这些患者与恶性高热相关的基因。比较了 CICR 阴性基因检测患者和其他患者的肌管中咖啡因、甲酚和雷米唑仑诱导细胞内钙浓度变化的 EC。这 10 名患者中有 8 名 CICR 阳性,其中 5 名有 RYR1 致病基因突变或变异。2 名患者的 CICR 基因检测为阴性,根据预期,他们对咖啡因、4CmC 和雷米唑仑的 EC 最高,即产生半最大反应的药物浓度为 4µM。3 名患者 CICR 阳性,但 RYR1 或 CACNA1S(电压门控钙通道亚单位α1S)中没有已知的变异。与 CICR 阴性患者的肌管相比,这些患者的所有药物的 EC50 均显著降低。当使用 CICR 阴性且无基因变异的患者的肌管作为对照时,CICR 阳性患者的肌管对所有兴奋剂的反应均高于对照。对 CICR 阳性、RYR1 突变患者的肌管而言,雷米唑仑的 EC 最低,为 206µM(相当于 123µg/mL)。浓度是临床浓度的 80 多倍。在 R4645Q 和 W5020G 中发现的基因变异是 MH 的致病基因突变。在雷米唑仑的高浓度下,MH 患者的肌管中的细胞内钙升高,但在雷米唑仑的临床使用浓度下不会升高。雷米唑仑似乎可安全用于 MH 患者。