College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Periodontics and Community Dentistry, King Saud University College of Dentistry, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Spec Care Dentist. 2024 May-Jun;44(3):925-936. doi: 10.1111/scd.12944. Epub 2023 Nov 28.
INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of disparity in access to dental care and tooth loss between US adults with and without disabilities at the state level. METHODS: This secondary analysis included data from the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a cross-sectional state-run annual telephone survey of noninstitutionalized US adults aged 18 years or older. The primary predictor, having any disability, was defined as reported difficulty in hearing, vision, cognition, mobility, self-care, or independent living. The two dental outcomes used were reported time since last dental visit and missing teeth status. We conducted descriptive analysis and multinomial regression models on weighted data to report the prevalence and state-level disparity in dental outcomes between individuals with and without disability. RESULTS: Nationally, one in four adults reported a disability, with a disproportionately higher prevalence among females, Native Americans and lower education and income groups. The highest utilization of dental services within a year among individuals with disabilities was found in the Northwestern and Midwestern states. Western states had the highest proportion of individuals with disability to have had a recent dental visit and a complete dentition, while the Southern states had the lowest proportions. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, 59.1% of individuals with disabilities had dental visits within a year, which is 8.0% points less than those without disabilities. Similarly, only 50.8% of individuals with a disability had complete tooth retention, which is 10.1% points less than individuals without disability. Regardless of the type of disability, adults with a disability were less likely to have visited the dentist in the past year or to have retained all of their teeth. Those with self-care disabilities had the lowest rates of both. CONCLUSION: There were clear disparities in the utilization of dental care and dentate status among adults with disabilities at the state level. The findings from this study highlighted the necessity of finding local solutions to address the gap in dental care utilization and tooth loss between those with and without disability among the US population.
简介：本研究旨在描述美国残疾和非残疾成年人在州一级获得牙科保健和牙齿缺失方面的差异程度。 方法：这项二次分析包括来自 2020 年行为风险因素监测系统（BRFSS）的数据，这是一项针对非机构化美国 18 岁及以上成年人的州级年度电话调查。主要预测因素是任何残疾，定义为听力、视力、认知、行动、自理或独立生活方面的报告困难。使用的两种牙科结果是报告上次看牙医的时间和缺牙状况。我们对加权数据进行了描述性分析和多项回归模型，以报告残疾和非残疾个体之间牙科结果的患病率和州级差异。 结果：全国有四分之一的成年人报告有残疾，女性、美国原住民和受教育程度和收入较低的群体中残疾的比例更高。在残疾个体中，一年内利用牙科服务最多的是西北地区和中西部各州。西部地区残疾个体最近看牙医和拥有完整牙齿的比例最高，而南部地区的比例最低。在调整社会人口因素后，59.1%的残疾个体在一年内看了牙医，比没有残疾的个体少 8.0 个百分点。同样，只有 50.8%的残疾个体保留了所有牙齿，比没有残疾的个体少 10.1 个百分点。无论残疾类型如何，残疾成年人过去一年看牙医的可能性较小，保留所有牙齿的可能性也较小。有自理能力障碍的人这两个比例最低。 结论：在州一级，残疾成年人在利用牙科保健和保持牙齿完整方面存在明显差异。这项研究的结果强调了寻找当地解决方案的必要性，以解决美国人口中残疾人和非残疾人之间在利用牙科保健和牙齿缺失方面的差距。
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