Sciulli P W
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1979 May;50(4):615-28. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1330500413.
Metric and morphological characterizations of the permanent teeth from a total of 155 prehistoric Amerindians are presented. The individuals represent samples from three Ohio Valley burial complexes (considered together as the Late Diffuse group): Glacial Kame, Adena and Ohio Hopewell. Metric data include common measures of central tendency and dispersion. From these measures estimates and analyses of the magnitude of sexual dimorphism and relative variability are presented as well as analyses of the patterns of these estimates. Forty morphological characters are also tabulated. The results indicate a number of provisional hypotheses: the generally larger tooth size of the Late Archaic Indian Knoll when compared to the Late Diffuse groups is consistent with the hypothesis of mitigated selective pressures in more technologically advanced groups; although tooth size is smaller in the Late Diffuse groups, dental morphology is as complex, or more so when compared to the Indian Knoll group. Since morphology and size do not covary exactly the biocultural forces resulting in smaller tooth size do not seem to act as strongly on dental morphology; odontological differences within the Late Diffuse arise primarily between the Glacial Kame-Adena and the Ohio Hopewell. These differences correspond to major biocultural changes in this area; although provisional hypotheses concerning odontological variability are erected, hypotheses concerning evolutionary trends must await the discovery of evolving lineages within these groups; similarities are noted among all compared groups including the pattern and magnitude of sexual dimorphism and relative variability. These parameters may be similar for all eastern Amerindians during this period; finally, the morphology of the deciduous dentition, which generally predicts that of the permanent teeth, is found to be less complex than the permanent teeth. This may be the result of a selective disadvantage for the individuals in the deciduous dentition sample which is reflected in the dentition.
本文展示了对总共155名史前美洲印第安人恒牙的测量和形态特征分析。这些个体代表了来自俄亥俄河谷三个墓葬群（合称为晚期扩散群体）的样本：冰川冰碛、阿德纳和俄亥俄霍普韦尔。测量数据包括集中趋势和离散度的常用度量。基于这些度量，给出了性二态性大小和相对变异性的估计与分析，以及这些估计模式的分析。还列出了40个形态特征。结果表明了一些初步假设：与晚期扩散群体相比，晚期古风印第安诺尔人的牙齿通常更大，这与技术更先进群体中选择压力减轻的假设一致；尽管晚期扩散群体的牙齿尺寸较小，但与印第安诺尔群体相比，牙齿形态同样复杂，甚至更复杂。由于形态和尺寸并非完全协变，导致牙齿尺寸变小的生物文化力量似乎对牙齿形态的影响不那么强烈；晚期扩散群体内部的牙科学差异主要出现在冰川冰碛 - 阿德纳群体和俄亥俄霍普韦尔群体之间。这些差异与该地区的主要生物文化变化相对应；尽管提出了关于牙科学变异性的初步假设，但关于进化趋势的假设必须等待在这些群体中发现进化谱系；在所有比较的群体中都注意到了相似之处，包括性二态性的模式和大小以及相对变异性。在此期间，所有东部美洲印第安人的这些参数可能相似；最后，发现乳牙列的形态通常比恒牙列简单，而乳牙列形态通常可预测恒牙列形态。这可能是乳牙列样本个体存在选择性劣势的结果，这种劣势反映在牙列中。
