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中国新生儿网络中孕22-25周超早产儿的结局及护理实践

[Outcomes and care practices of extremely preterm infants at 22-25 weeks' gestation age from the Chinese Neonatal Network].

作者信息

Jiang S Y, Yang C Z, Tian X Y, Chen D M, Yang Z M, Shi J Y, Xu F L, Mo Y, Gu X Y, Lee K, Zhou W H, Cao Y

机构信息

Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China.

Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518000, China.

出版信息

Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2024 Jan 2;62(1):22-28. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20231017-00296.

Abstract

To describe the current status and trends in the outcomes and care practices of extremely preterm infants at 22-25 weeks' gestation age from the Chinese Neonatal Network (CHNN) from 2019 to 2021. This cross-sectional study used data from the CHNN cohort of very preterm infants. All 963 extremely preterm infants with gestational age between 22-25 weeks who were admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICU) of the CHNN from 2019 to 2021 were included. Infants admitted after 24 hours of life or transferred to non-CHNN hospitals were excluded. Perinatal care practices, survival rates, incidences of major morbidities, and NICU treatments were described according to different gestational age groups and admission years. Comparison among gestational age groups was conducted using and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Trends by year were evaluated by Cochran-Armitage and Jonckheere-Terpstra tests for trend. Of the 963 extremely preterm infants enrolled, 588 extremely preterm infants (61.1%) were male. The gestational age was 25.0 (24.4, 25.6) weeks, with 29 extremely preterm infants (3.0%), 88 extremely preterm infants (9.1%), 264 extremely preterm infants (27.4%), and 582 extremely preterm infants (60.4%) at 22, 23, 24, and 25 weeks of gestation age, respectively. The birth weight was 770 (680, 840) g. From 2019 to 2021, the number of extremely preterm infants increased each year (285, 312, and 366 extremely preterm infants, respectively). Antenatal steroids and magnesium sulfate were administered to 67.7% (615/908) and 51.1% (453/886) mothers of extremely preterm infants. In the delivery room, 20.8% (200/963) and 69.5% (669/963) extremely preterm infants received noninvasive positive end-expiratory pressure support and endotracheal intubation. Delayed cord clamping and cord milking were performed in 19.0% (149/784) and 30.4% (241/794) extremely preterm infants. From 2019 to 2021, there were significant increases in the usage of antenatal steroids, antenatal magnesium sulfate, and delivery room noninvasive positive-end expiratory pressure support (all <0.05). Overall, 349 extremely preterm infants (36.2%) did not receive complete care, 392 extremely preterm infants (40.7%) received complete care and survived to discharge, and 222 extremely preterm infants (23.1%) received complete care but died in hospital. The survival rates for extremely preterm infants at 22, 23, 24 and 25 weeks of gestation age were 10.3% (3/29), 23.9% (21/88), 33.0% (87/264) and 48.3% (281/582), respectively. From 2019 to 2021, there were no statistically significant trends in complete care, survival, and mortality rates (all >0.05). Only 11.5% (45/392) extremely preterm infants survived without major morbidities. Moderate to severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (67.3% (264/392)) and severe retinopathy of prematurity (61.5% (241/392)) were the most common morbidities among survivors. The incidences of severe intraventricular hemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and sepsis were 15.3% (60/392), 5.9% (23/392) and 19.1% (75/392), respectively. Overall, 83.7% (328/392) survivors received invasive ventilation during hospitalization, with a duration of 22 (10, 42) days. The hospital stay for survivors was 97 (86, 116) days. With the increasing number of extremely preterm infants at 22-25 weeks' gestation admitted to CHNN NICU, the survival rate remained low, especially the rate of survival without major morbidities. Further quality improvement initiatives are needed to facilitate the implementation of evidence-based care practices.

摘要

描述2019年至2021年中国新生儿网络(CHNN)中孕22 - 25周极早早产儿的结局及护理实践的现状和趋势。本横断面研究使用了CHNN极早早产儿队列的数据。纳入了2019年至2021年入住CHNN新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)的所有963例孕22 - 25周的极早早产儿。排除出生24小时后入院或转至非CHNN医院的婴儿。根据不同孕周组和入院年份描述围产期护理实践、生存率、主要发病率及NICU治疗情况。使用方差分析和Kruskal - Wallis检验对孕周组进行比较。通过Cochran - Armitage和Jonckheere - Terpstra趋势检验评估逐年趋势。在纳入的963例极早早产儿中,588例(61.1%)为男性。孕周为25.0(24.4,25.6)周,其中孕22、23、24和25周的极早早产儿分别为29例(3.0%)、88例(9.1%)、264例(27.4%)和582例(60.4%)。出生体重为770(680,840)g。2019年至2021年,极早早产儿数量逐年增加(分别为285例、312例和366例)。67.7%(615/908)的极早早产儿母亲接受了产前类固醇治疗,51.1%(453/886)接受了硫酸镁治疗。在产房,20.8%(200/963)的极早早产儿接受了无创呼气末正压支持,69.5%(669/963)接受了气管插管。19.0%(149/784)的极早早产儿进行了延迟脐带结扎,30.4%(241/794)进行了脐带挤血。2019年至2021年,产前类固醇、产前硫酸镁及产房无创呼气末正压支持的使用均显著增加(均P<0.05)。总体而言,349例极早早产儿(36.2%)未接受完整护理,392例极早早产儿(40.7%)接受完整护理并存活至出院,222例极早早产儿(23.1%)接受完整护理但在医院死亡。孕22、23、24和25周的极早早产儿生存率分别为10.3%(3/29)、23.9%(21/88)、33.0%(87/264)和48.3%(281/582)。2019年至2021年,完整护理、生存率及死亡率均无统计学显著趋势(均P>0.05)。仅11.5%(45/392)的极早早产儿存活且无严重疾病。中度至重度支气管肺发育不良(67.3%(264/392))和重度早产儿视网膜病变(61.5%(241/392))是存活者中最常见的疾病。重度脑室内出血或脑室周围白质软化、坏死性小肠结肠炎及败血症的发生率分别为15.3%(60/392)、5.9%(23/392)和19.1%(75/392)。总体而言,83.7%(328/392)的存活者在住院期间接受了有创通气,通气时间为22(10,42)天。存活者的住院时间为97(86,116)天。随着CHNN NICU收治的孕22 - 25周极早早产儿数量增加,生存率仍然较低,尤其是无严重疾病的生存率。需要进一步提高质量的举措来促进循证护理实践的实施。

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