Mitochondrial density in skeletal and cardiac muscle.

Kubat et al. provide a review on the role Mitochondrial density in skeletal and cardiac muscle of mitochondrial dysfunction in muscle atrophy. They stress mitochondria's pivotal function, citing a 52 % density in skeletal muscle. However, the reference to Park et al.'s work misinterprets their findings. Park et al. report citrate synthase (CS) activity, indicating mitochondrial density as 222 ± 13 μmol.min.mg for cardiac muscle and 115 ± 2 μmol.min.mg for skeletal muscle. Thus, the authors should clarify that skeletal muscle density is approximately 52 % of cardiac muscle, not an absolute 52 %. Mitochondrial volume density assessment, predominantly through TEM, establishes cardiomyocytes at 25-30 % and untrained skeletal muscle at 2-6 %, increasing to 11 % in trained athletes. However, this remains modest compared to myofibrils' 75 %-85 % of muscle fiber volume. Although the utility of CS activity is evident, TEM and other novel approaches such as three-dimensional focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy are likely superior for assessing mitochondrial volume density and morphology.