由 SARS-CoV-2 引起的 COVID-19 在波兰被认定为职业病。
COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 as an occupational disease in Poland.
机构信息
Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland (Department of Environmental Epidemiology).
Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland (Department of Occupational Diseases and Environmental Health).
出版信息
Med Pr. 2023 Dec 29;74(6):479-486. doi: 10.13075/mp.5893.01437. Epub 2023 Dec 22.
BACKGROUND
The unexpected outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has led huge impact on health and safety of employees. Although now the epidemiological situation has improved, but it remains a challenge, especially in light of the emergence of new threats. The aim of the work is to present an epidemiological analysis of data on COVID-19 as an occupational disease in Poland.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The analysis covered all cases of occupational diseases sent by state sanitary inspectors to the Central Register of Occupational Diseases. The years 2020-2022 and such available data as: age, gender, activities and territorial differentiation were analyzed. The data were presented as absolute numbers and incidence rates per 100 000 employed persons and for healthcare workers also per 100 000 persons authorized to practice.
RESULTS
In the period 2020-2022 in Poland 7030 diseases recognized as occupational diseases were recorded, of which almost half were infectious diseases (47%). Among infectious diseases, dominated COVID-19 in number of 2059 cases. In this period 98.6% of all cases of COVID-19 were concentrated in the health care and social activities. According to workplaces, most diseases were caused by working in hospitals - 1825 cases (88.6% of all COVID-19 cases in the healthcare workers). Most cases concerned nurses - 1355 cases (65,8%) and doctors - 212 cases (10,3%). The incidence of COVID-19 in the group of physicians per 10 000 persons entitled to practice ranged from 2.6 in 2020 to 68.3 in 2022, while among nurses and midwives the rates were 7.9 and 194.9, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The COVID-19 pandemic changed the picture of occupational diseases in Poland. Therefore, it is very important to understand the key contributions of people working in environments where workers are at increased risk of contracting COVID-19 due to the nature of their work, and to promote the recognition of COVID-19 as an occupational disease. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2023;74(6):479-86.
背景
COVID-19 大流行的意外爆发对员工的健康和安全造成了巨大影响。尽管现在疫情形势有所改善，但仍然是一个挑战，尤其是考虑到新威胁的出现。这项工作的目的是展示波兰将 COVID-19 作为职业病进行的流行病学分析。
材料与方法
分析涵盖了国家卫生检查员提交给职业病中央登记处的所有职业病病例。分析了 2020-2022 年的数据，以及年龄、性别、活动和地域差异等可用数据。数据以绝对数字和每 10 万名就业人员的发病率以及每 10 万名获准行医的人员的发病率表示。
结果
在 2020-2022 年期间，波兰记录了 7030 例被认定为职业病的病例，其中近一半为传染病（47%）。在传染病中，COVID-19 的病例数最多，为 2059 例。在此期间，所有 COVID-19 病例的 98.6%集中在医疗保健和社会活动中。按工作场所划分，大多数疾病是在医院工作引起的，有 1825 例（医疗保健工作者中所有 COVID-19 病例的 88.6%）。大多数病例涉及护士，有 1355 例（65.8%），医生 212 例（10.3%）。医生每 10000 名获准行医者中 COVID-19 的发病率从 2020 年的 2.6 例到 2022 年的 68.3 例不等，而护士和助产士的发病率分别为 7.9 例和 194.9 例。
结论
COVID-19 大流行改变了波兰职业病的状况。因此，了解由于工作性质而感染 COVID-19 风险增加的环境中工作的人员的主要贡献，并促进将 COVID-19 确认为职业病非常重要。劳动医学与健康安全 2023；74（6）：479-86。
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