College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Xuyuan road, Zigong City, Sichuan Province 643000, China.
Aquat Toxicol. 2024 Feb;267:106807. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106807. Epub 2023 Dec 19.
Gibberellic acid (GA3), one of the most plant growth stimulator, is widely applied in agricultural regions and in beer industry. However, GA3 residue remained in soil and water can cause toxicity to all organisms. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of GA3-induced hepatic injury in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). We found that GA3 exposure caused oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and apoptosis. The gibel carp exposed to GA3 exhibited significant alteration in erythrocyte nuclei. GA3 induced liver damage, as indicated by increasing the aminopherase activities. GA3 led to oxidative stress by increasing malondialdehyde content and decreasing the activities of CAT and GPx. GA3 stimulated ERS and increased the expression of grp78, perk, eif2s1α, chop, atf4, ire1α, xbp1, and atf6. Additionally, GA3 down-regulated the level of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 and up-regulated the levels of pro-apoptotic genes bax and caspase-3. Overall results demonstrated that GA3 caused hepatic injury in gibel carp by increasing oxidative stress, ERS, and apoptosis.
赤霉素（GA3）是一种最常见的植物生长刺激素，广泛应用于农业区和啤酒工业。然而，GA3 残留于土壤和水中会对所有生物造成毒性。在本研究中，我们研究了 GA3 诱导吉富罗非鱼（Carassius auratus gibelio）肝损伤的机制。我们发现 GA3 暴露会引起氧化应激、内质网应激（ERS）和细胞凋亡。暴露于 GA3 的吉富罗非鱼的红细胞核发生了明显的改变。GA3 通过增加氨基转移酶的活性导致肝损伤。GA3 通过增加丙二醛含量和降低 CAT 和 GPx 的活性来诱导氧化应激。GA3 刺激 ERS 并增加 grp78、perk、eif2s1α、chop、atf4、ire1α、xbp1 和 atf6 的表达。此外，GA3 下调抗凋亡基因 Bcl-2 的水平，并上调促凋亡基因 bax 和 caspase-3 的水平。总的来说，结果表明 GA3 通过增加氧化应激、ERS 和细胞凋亡导致吉富罗非鱼肝损伤。
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