Department of Plant Culture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
The Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The School of Nutritional Sciences, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
Nutrients. 2023 Dec 20;16(1):24. doi: 10.3390/nu16010024.
The present review deals with two main ingredients of energy/power drinks: B vitamins and glucuronolactone and their possible effect on the immune system. There is a strong relationship between the recommended daily dose of selected B vitamins and a functional immune system. Regarding specific B vitamins: (1) Riboflavin is necessary for the optimization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the fight against bacterial infections caused by and . (2) Niacin administered within normal doses to obese rats can change the phenotype of skeletal fibers, and thereby affect muscle metabolism. This metabolic phenotype induced by niacin treatment is also confirmed by stimulation of the expression of genes involved in the metabolism of free fatty acids (FFAs) and oxidative phosphorylation at this level. (3) Vitamin B5 effects depend primarily on the dose, thus large doses can cause diarrhea or functional disorders of the digestive tract whereas normal levels are effective in wound healing, liver detoxification, and joint health support. (4) High vitamin B6 concentrations (>2000 mg per day) have been shown to exert a significant negative impact on the dorsal root ganglia. Whereas, at doses of approximately 70 ng/mL, sensory symptoms were reported in 80% of cases. (5) Chronic increases in vitamin B12 have been associated with the increased incidence of solid cancers. Additionally, glucuronolactone, whose effects are not well known, represents a controversial compound. (6) Supplementing with D-glucarates, such as glucuronolactone, may help the body's natural defense system function better to inhibit different tumor promoters and carcinogens and their consequences. Cumulatively, the present review aims to evaluate the relationship between the selected B vitamins group, glucuronolactone, and the immune system and their associations to bioavailability, doses, and efficiency.
本综述涉及能量/功能饮料的两种主要成分：B 族维生素和葡萄糖醛酸内酯及其对免疫系统的可能影响。推荐的每日剂量的某些 B 族维生素与功能性免疫系统之间存在很强的关系。关于特定的 B 族维生素：（1）核黄素是优化与 和 引起的细菌感染作斗争中的活性氧（ROS）所必需的。（2）在正常剂量下给予肥胖大鼠烟酰胺可以改变骨骼肌纤维的表型，从而影响肌肉代谢。这种烟酰胺处理诱导的代谢表型也通过刺激参与游离脂肪酸（FFAs）代谢和氧化磷酸化的基因的表达在该水平上得到证实。（3）B5 维生素的作用主要取决于剂量，因此大剂量可能导致腹泻或消化道功能障碍，而正常水平则对伤口愈合、肝脏解毒和关节健康支持有效。（4）高维生素 B6 浓度（每天>2000 毫克）已被证明对背根神经节有显著的负面影响。而在大约 70ng/mL 的剂量下，80%的病例报告了感觉症状。（5）维生素 B12 的慢性增加与实体癌发病率的增加有关。此外，葡萄糖醛酸内酯的作用尚不清楚，它是一种有争议的化合物。（6）补充 D-葡醛酸盐，如葡萄糖醛酸内酯，可能有助于身体的自然防御系统更好地发挥作用，抑制不同的肿瘤促进剂和致癌剂及其后果。总的来说，本综述旨在评估所选 B 族维生素组、葡萄糖醛酸内酯与免疫系统之间的关系及其与生物利用度、剂量和效率的关系。
