Borghesi Alessandro
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, San Matteo Research Hospital, Pavia, EU, Italy; School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Cell Immunol. 2024 Mar-Apr;397-398:104807. doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2024.104807. Epub 2024 Jan 13.
In humans, the interindividual variability of clinical outcome following exposure to a microorganism is immense, ranging from silent infection to life-threatening disease. Age-specific immune responses partially account for the high incidence of infection during the first 28 days of life and the related high mortality at population level. However, the occurrence of life-threatening disease in individual newborns remains unexplained. By contrast, inborn errors of immunity and their immune phenocopies are increasingly being discovered in children and adults with life-threatening viral, bacterial, mycobacterial and fungal infections. There is a need for convergence between the fields of neonatal immunology, with its in-depth population-wide characterization of newborn-specific immune responses, and clinical immunology, with its investigations of infections in patients at the cellular and molecular levels, to facilitate identification of the mechanisms of susceptibility to infection in individual newborns and the design of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies.
在人类中,接触微生物后临床结果的个体间差异极大,从无症状感染到危及生命的疾病不等。特定年龄的免疫反应部分解释了出生后28天内感染的高发病率以及人群层面相关的高死亡率。然而,个别新生儿出现危及生命的疾病的原因仍无法解释。相比之下,在患有危及生命的病毒、细菌、分枝杆菌和真菌感染的儿童和成人中,越来越多地发现了先天性免疫缺陷及其免疫表型。新生儿免疫学领域对新生儿特异性免疫反应进行了深入的全人群特征描述,而临床免疫学则在细胞和分子水平上对患者感染进行研究,这两个领域需要相互融合,以促进识别个体新生儿感染易感性的机制,并设计新的预防和治疗策略。