MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River/College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
International Magnesium Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 3550002, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 Mar 10;915:169994. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169994. Epub 2024 Jan 15.
Integrated rice-animal co-culture (IRAC) is an ecological agricultural system combining rice cultivation with animal farming, which holds significant implications for food security and agriculture sustainable development. However, the comprehensive impacts of the co-culture on rice yield, nitrogen (N) losses, and N fertilizer partial factor productivity (NPFP) remain elusive and may vary under different environmental conditions and N management. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of data from various IRAC systems on a global scale, including 371, 298, and 115 sets of data for rice yield, NPFP, and N losses, respectively. The results showed that IRAC could significantly increase rice yield (by 3.47 %) and NPFP (by 4.26 %), and reduce NO emissions (by 16.69 %), NH volatilization (by 11.03 %), N runoff (by 17.72 %), and N leaching (by 19.10 %). Furthermore, there were significant differences in rice yield, NPFP, and N loss among different IRAC systems, which may be ascribed to variations in regional climate, soil variables, and N fertilizer management practices. The effect sizes of rice yield and NPFP were notably correlated with the rate and frequency of N application and the soil clay content. Moreover, a higher amount of precipitation corresponded to a larger effect size on rice NPFP. NO emissions were closely associated with mean annual air temperature, annual precipitation, N application frequency, soil pH level, soil organic matter content, soil clay content, and soil bulk density. However, NH volatilization, N runoff, and N leaching exhibited no correlation with either the environmental conditions or the N management. Multivariate regression analysis further demonstrated that the soil clay content and N application rate are pivotal in predicting the effect sizes of rice yield, NPFP, and NO emissions under IRAC. Specifically, IRAC with a low N application rate in soils with a high clay content could augment the effect size to increase rice NPFP and yield and reduce NO emissions. In conclusion, IRAC offers a potent strategy to optimize rice yield and NPFP as well as mitigate N losses.
综合稻-畜共作(IRAC)是一种将水稻种植与动物养殖相结合的生态农业系统,对粮食安全和农业可持续发展具有重要意义。然而,这种共作方式对水稻产量、氮(N)损失和氮肥偏生产力(NPFP)的综合影响尚不清楚,并且可能因不同的环境条件和 N 管理方式而有所不同。在这里,我们对全球范围内各种 IRAC 系统的数据进行了荟萃分析,包括水稻产量、NPFP 和 N 损失的 371、298 和 115 组数据。结果表明,IRAC 可以显著提高水稻产量(提高 3.47%)和 NPFP(提高 4.26%),减少 NO 排放(减少 16.69%)、NH 挥发(减少 11.03%)、N 径流(减少 17.72%)和 N 淋溶(减少 19.10%)。此外,不同的 IRAC 系统之间的水稻产量、NPFP 和 N 损失存在显著差异,这可能归因于区域气候、土壤变量和 N 肥料管理实践的变化。水稻产量和 NPFP 的效应大小与 N 施用量和施氮频率以及土壤粘粒含量显著相关。此外,较高的降水量与水稻 NPFP 的效应大小呈正相关。NO 排放与年平均气温、年降水量、N 施氮频率、土壤 pH 值、土壤有机质含量、土壤粘粒含量和土壤容重密切相关。然而,NH 挥发、N 径流和 N 淋溶与环境条件或 N 管理均无相关性。多元回归分析进一步表明,土壤粘粒含量和 N 施用量是预测 IRAC 下水稻产量、NPFP 和 NO 排放效应大小的关键因素。具体来说,在土壤粘粒含量高、N 施用量低的情况下,IRAC 可以增加效应大小,从而提高水稻 NPFP 和产量,减少 NO 排放。总之,IRAC 提供了一种优化水稻产量和 NPFP 以及减少 N 损失的有效策略。