Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
Br J Cancer. 2024 Apr;130(6):908-924. doi: 10.1038/s41416-023-02522-5. Epub 2024 Jan 18.
BACKGROUND: Redox signaling caused by knockdown (KD) of Glutathione Peroxidase 2 (GPx2) in the PyMT mammary tumour model promotes metastasis via phenotypic and metabolic reprogramming. However, the tumour cell subpopulations and transcriptional regulators governing these processes remained unknown. METHODS: We used single-cell transcriptomics to decipher the tumour cell subpopulations stimulated by GPx2 KD in the PyMT mammary tumour and paired pulmonary metastases. We analyzed the EMT spectrum across the various tumour cell clusters using pseudotime trajectory analysis and elucidated the transcriptional and metabolic regulation of the hybrid EMT state. RESULTS: Integration of single-cell transcriptomics between the PyMT/GPx2 KD primary tumour and paired lung metastases unraveled a basal/mesenchymal-like cluster and several luminal-like clusters spanning an EMT spectrum. Interestingly, the luminal clusters at the primary tumour gained mesenchymal gene expression, resulting in epithelial/mesenchymal subpopulations fueled by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis. By contrast, at distant metastasis, the basal/mesenchymal-like cluster gained luminal and mesenchymal gene expression, resulting in a hybrid subpopulation using OXPHOS, supporting adaptive plasticity. Furthermore, p63 was dramatically upregulated in all hybrid clusters, implying a role in regulating partial EMT and MET at primary and distant sites, respectively. Importantly, these effects were reversed by HIF1α loss or GPx2 gain of function, resulting in metastasis suppression. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these results underscored a dramatic effect of redox signaling on p63 activation by HIF1α, underlying phenotypic and metabolic plasticity leading to mammary tumour metastasis.
背景:在 PyMT 乳腺肿瘤模型中,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 2 (GPx2) 的敲低 (KD) 引起的氧化还原信号转导通过表型和代谢重编程促进转移。然而,控制这些过程的肿瘤细胞亚群和转录调节剂仍然未知。
方法:我们使用单细胞转录组学来破译 PyMT 乳腺肿瘤和配对肺转移中由 GPx2 KD 刺激的肿瘤细胞亚群。我们使用拟时间轨迹分析分析了各种肿瘤细胞簇中的 EMT 谱,并阐明了杂交 EMT 状态的转录和代谢调控。
结果:PyMT/GPx2 KD 原发性肿瘤和配对肺转移的单细胞转录组学整合揭示了一个基底/间质样簇和几个跨越 EMT 谱的腔样簇。有趣的是,原发性肿瘤中的腔样簇获得了间质基因表达,导致上皮/间质亚群由氧化磷酸化 (OXPHOS) 和糖酵解提供燃料。相比之下,在远处转移中,基底/间质样簇获得了腔和间质基因表达,导致使用 OXPHOS 的杂交亚群,支持适应性可塑性。此外,p63 在所有杂交簇中都显著上调,暗示其在调节原发性和远处部位的部分 EMT 和 MET 中起作用。重要的是,这些效应被 HIF1α 缺失或 GPx2 功能获得所逆转,导致转移抑制。
结论:总之,这些结果强调了氧化还原信号对 HIF1α 激活 p63 的显著影响,为乳腺肿瘤转移导致的表型和代谢可塑性提供了基础。
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