Department of Microbiology, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Ramón y Cajal Institute for Health Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain.
Network Center for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER-ESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
Biomolecules. 2024 Jan 8;14(1):76. doi: 10.3390/biom14010076.
The acquisition and expression of antibiotic resistance implies changes in bacterial cell physiology, imposing fitness costs. Many human opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, such as those causing urinary tract or bloodstream infections, colonize the gut. In this opinionated review, we will examine the various types of stress that these bacteria might suffer during their intestinal stay. These stresses, and their compensatory responses, probably have a fitness cost, which might be additive to the cost of expressing antibiotic resistance. Such an effect could result in a disadvantage relative to antibiotic susceptible populations that might replace the resistant ones. The opinion proposed in this paper is that the effect of these combinations of fitness costs should be tested in antibiotic resistant bacteria with susceptible ones as controls. This testing might provide opportunities to increase the bacterial gut stress boosting physiological biomolecules or using dietary interventions. This approach to reduce the burden of antibiotic-resistant populations certainly must be answered empirically. In the end, the battle against antibiotic resistance should be won by antibiotic-susceptible organisms. Let us help them prevail.
抗生素耐药性的获得和表达意味着细菌细胞生理发生变化,从而产生适应性成本。许多人类机会性病原体,如引起尿路感染或血流感染的病原体,会定植在肠道中。在本次观点性综述中,我们将研究这些细菌在肠道定植期间可能会经历的各种压力。这些压力及其代偿反应可能会产生适应性成本,这可能会增加表达抗生素耐药性的成本。这种影响可能会导致相对于可能取代耐药菌的抗生素敏感菌的劣势。本文提出的观点是,应该将这些适应性成本组合的影响在具有耐药性的细菌和作为对照的敏感性细菌中进行测试。这种测试可能会为增加肠道压力促进生理生物分子的方法或利用饮食干预提供机会。这种减少抗生素耐药菌负担的方法肯定需要通过实验来验证。最终,对抗生素耐药性的斗争应该由抗生素敏感的生物来赢得。让我们帮助它们取得胜利。