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爱尔兰松(Pinus sylvestris(L.))在物种分布的西部极限处的分子特征。

Molecular characterisation of Pinus sylvestris (L.) in Ireland at the western limit of the species distribution.

机构信息

DBN Plant Molecular Laboratory, National Botanic Gardens of Ireland, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland.

DIADE, Univ de Montpellier, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier, F-34090, France.

出版信息

BMC Ecol Evol. 2024 Jan 23;24(1):12. doi: 10.1186/s12862-023-02181-3.

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) underwent significant population declines across much of northwest Europe during the mid-to-late Holocene and was thought to have become extirpated in Ireland from about 400 AD. However, most extant populations are plantations reintroduced from Scotland. Others are naturalised therefrom and one in Western Ireland is a putative relict. In this paper, Scots pine in Ireland are genetically described for the first time.

RESULTS

Using two mitochondrial (mtDNA) loci, eight chloroplast (cpSSR) and 18 nuclear (nSSR) loci, the genetic composition and diversity of 19 Irish Scots pine populations is described and compared to other European populations. All trees sampled in Ireland were fixed for mitotype a, which is the most common across northwest Europe. By contrast, cpSSR (H = 0.967) and nSSR (H = 0.540) variation was high, and comparable with estimates for other regions across the species range. Differentiation at both sets of loci were similarly low (cpSSR F = 0.019; nSSR F = 0.018), but populations from continental Europe were significantly differentiated from all Irish populations based on nSSR variation.

CONCLUSIONS

All Irish Scots pine are likely part of a common Irish-Scottish gene pool which diverged from continental Scots pine following post-glacial recolonisation. A high genetic diversity and an absence of evidence of inbreeding suggests the regional decline of Scots pine did not critically reduce allelic variation. The post-glacial relationship between Irish and Scottish pine is discussed, and a suggestion from recent palaeoecological work that reintroduced Scots pine be managed as a native species is now further supported by genetic data.

摘要

背景

在全新世中晚期,欧洲西北部的大部分地区苏格兰松(Pinus sylvestris L.)的种群数量大幅下降,据认为,自公元 400 年左右,苏格兰松已在爱尔兰灭绝。然而,大多数现存的种群都是从苏格兰重新引入的种植园。还有一些是从那里自然归化的,而爱尔兰西部的一个种群则是一个假定的残余种。本文首次对爱尔兰的苏格兰松进行了遗传描述。

结果

利用两个线粒体(mtDNA)基因座、八个叶绿体(cpSSR)和 18 个核(nSSR)基因座,描述和比较了 19 个爱尔兰苏格兰松种群的遗传组成和多样性,并与其他欧洲种群进行了比较。爱尔兰所有采样的树木都固定在 mtDNA 型 a 上,这是北欧最常见的一种。相比之下,cpSSR(H = 0.967)和 nSSR(H = 0.540)的变异程度较高,与该物种分布范围内其他地区的估计值相当。在两个基因座上的分化程度相似较低(cpSSR F = 0.019;nSSR F = 0.018),但基于 nSSR 变异,欧洲大陆的种群与所有爱尔兰种群均有显著差异。

结论

所有爱尔兰的苏格兰松都可能是一个共同的爱尔兰-苏格兰基因库的一部分,该基因库在冰川后重新殖民后与欧洲大陆的苏格兰松分化。高遗传多样性和没有近亲繁殖的证据表明,苏格兰松的区域性衰退并没有严重降低等位基因的变异。讨论了爱尔兰和苏格兰松之间的冰川后关系,并进一步支持了最近古生态学研究的观点,即重新引入的苏格兰松应作为本地物种进行管理。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/930d/10807061/8d522de5749f/12862_2023_2181_Fig1_HTML.jpg

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