Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany.
Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany.
Cells. 2024 Jan 28;13(3):246. doi: 10.3390/cells13030246.
NKG2D is an activating receptor of natural killer cells that recognizes stress-induced ligands (NKG2DL) expressed by many tumor cells. Nevertheless, NKG2DL downregulation or shedding can still allow cancer cells to evade immune surveillance. Here, we used lentiviral gene transfer to engineer clinically usable NK-92 cells with a chimeric antigen receptor (NKAR) which contains the extracellular domain of NKG2D for target recognition, or an NKAR, together with the IL-15 superagonist RD-IL15, and combined these effector cells with recombinant NKG2D-interacting bispecific engagers that simultaneously recognize the tumor-associated antigens epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or ErbB2 (HER2). Applied individually, in in vitro cell-killing assays, these NKAB-EGFR and NKAB-ErbB2 antibodies specifically redirected NKAR-NK-92 and NKAR_RD-IL15-NK-92 cells to glioblastoma and other cancer cells with elevated EGFR or ErbB2 levels. However, in mixed glioblastoma cell cultures, used as a model for heterogeneous target antigen expression, NKAR-NK cells only lysed the EGFR- or ErbB2-expressing subpopulations in the presence of one of the NKAB molecules. This was circumvented by applying NKAB-EGFR and NKAB-ErbB2 together, resulting in effective antitumor activity similar to that against glioblastoma cells expressing both target antigens. Our results demonstrate that combining NK cells carrying an activating NKAR receptor with bispecific NKAB antibodies allows for flexible targeting, which can enhance tumor-antigen-specific cytotoxicity and prevent immune escape.
NKG2D 是自然杀伤细胞的一种激活受体,可识别许多肿瘤细胞表达的应激诱导配体(NKG2DL)。然而,NKG2DL 的下调或脱落仍可使癌细胞逃避免疫监视。在这里,我们使用慢病毒基因转移工程将具有嵌合抗原受体(NKAR)的临床可用 NK-92 细胞,该受体包含用于靶标识别的 NKG2D 的细胞外结构域,或与 IL-15 超激动剂 RD-IL15 一起的 NKAR,以及与同时识别肿瘤相关抗原表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)或 ErbB2(HER2)的重组 NKG2D 相互作用双特异性衔接子结合,这些效应细胞。单独应用时,在体外细胞杀伤测定中,这些 NKAB-EGFR 和 NKAB-ErbB2 抗体特异性地将 NKAR-NK-92 和 NKAR_RD-IL15-NK-92 细胞重定向至 EGFR 或 ErbB2 水平升高的神经胶质瘤和其他癌细胞。然而,在混合神经胶质瘤细胞培养物中,用作异质靶抗原表达模型,只有在存在一种 NKAB 分子的情况下,NKAR-NK 细胞才能裂解 EGFR 或 ErbB2 表达的亚群。通过同时应用 NKAB-EGFR 和 NKAB-ErbB2 来避免这种情况,从而导致与表达两种靶抗原的神经胶质瘤细胞相似的有效抗肿瘤活性。我们的结果表明,将携带激活 NKAR 受体的 NK 细胞与双特异性 NKAB 抗体结合使用可以进行灵活的靶向,从而可以增强肿瘤抗原特异性细胞毒性并防止免疫逃逸。
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