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由P8 - A2生物合成偶氮氧基化合物氮杂二菌素

Biosynthesis of the Azoxy Compound Azodyrecin from P8-A2.

作者信息

Maleckis Matiss, Wibowo Mario, Gren Tetiana, Jarmusch Scott A, Sterndorff Eva B, Booth Thomas, Henriksen Nathalie N S E, Whitford Christopher M, Jiang Xinglin, Jørgensen Tue S, Ding Ling, Weber Tilmann

机构信息

The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.

Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Building 221, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.

出版信息

ACS Chem Biol. 2024 Mar 15;19(3):641-653. doi: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00632. Epub 2024 Feb 10.

Abstract

Azoxy compounds are a distinctive group of bioactive secondary metabolites characterized by a unique RN═N(O)R moiety. The azoxy moiety is present in various classes of metabolites that exhibit various biological activities. The enzymatic mechanisms underlying azoxy bond formation remain enigmatic. Azodyrecins are cytotoxic azoxy metabolites produced by P8-A2. Here, we cloned and confirmed the putative biosynthetic gene cluster through CATCH cloning followed by expression and production of azodyrecins in two heterologous hosts, J1074 and M1146, respectively. We explored the function of 14 enzymes in azodyrecin biosynthesis through gene knockout using CRISPR-Cas9 base editing in the native producer, P8-A2. The key intermediates were analyzed in the mutants through MS/MS fragmentation studies, revealing azoxy bond formation via the conversion of hydrazine to an azo compound followed by further oxygenation. Enzymes involved in modifications of the precursor could be postulated based on their predicted function and the intermediates identified in the knockout strains. Moreover, the distribution of the azoxy biosynthetic gene clusters across spp. genomes is explored, highlighting the presence of these clusters in over 20% of the spp. genomes and revealing that azoxymycin and valanimycin are scarce, while azodyrecin and KA57A-like clusters are widely distributed across the phylogenetic tree.

摘要

氧化偶氮化合物是一类独特的具有生物活性的次生代谢产物,其特征在于独特的RN═N(O)R部分。氧化偶氮部分存在于各类具有不同生物活性的代谢产物中。氧化偶氮键形成的酶促机制仍然不明。氧化偶氮菌素是由P8 - A2产生的具有细胞毒性的氧化偶氮代谢产物。在此,我们通过捕获克隆克隆并确认了假定的生物合成基因簇,随后分别在两个异源宿主J1074和M1146中表达并产生氧化偶氮菌素。我们通过在天然产生菌P8 - A2中使用CRISPR - Cas9碱基编辑进行基因敲除,探索了14种酶在氧化偶氮菌素生物合成中的功能。通过MS/MS碎片研究对突变体中的关键中间体进行了分析,揭示了通过肼转化为偶氮化合物然后进一步氧化形成氧化偶氮键。基于其预测功能和在敲除菌株中鉴定出的中间体,可以推测参与前体修饰的酶。此外,还探索了氧化偶氮生物合成基因簇在各物种基因组中的分布,突出了这些基因簇在超过20%的物种基因组中的存在,并揭示了氧化偶氮霉素和瓦拉霉素很稀少,而氧化偶氮菌素和KA57A样基因簇在系统发育树中广泛分布。

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