Projeto Sauim-de-Coleira, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
Centro de Estudos Integrados da Biodiversidade Amazônica- CENBAM/PPBio de Pesquisa de Mamíferos Amazônicos, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
Am J Primatol. 2024 May;86(5):e23606. doi: 10.1002/ajp.23606. Epub 2024 Feb 10.
Many animal species depend on sound to communicate with conspecifics. However, human-generated (anthropogenic) noise may mask acoustic signals and so disrupt behavior. Animals may use various strategies to circumvent this, including shifts in the timing of vocal activity and changes to the acoustic parameters of their calls. We tested whether pied tamarins (Saguinus bicolor) adjust their vocal behavior in response to city noise. We predicted that both the probability of occurrence and the number of long calls would increase in response to anthropogenic noise and that pied tamarins would temporally shift their vocal activity to avoid noisier periods. At a finer scale, we anticipated that the temporal parameters of tamarin calls (e.g., call duration and syllable repetition rate) would increase with noise amplitude. We collected information on the acoustic environment and the emission of long calls in nine wild pied tamarin groups in Manaus, Brazil. We found that the probability of long-call occurrence increased with higher levels of anthropogenic noise, though the number of long calls did not. The number of long calls was related to the time of day and the distance from home range borders-a proxy for the distance to neighboring groups. Neither long-call occurrence nor call rate was related to noise levels at different times of day. We found that pied tamarins decreased their syllable repetition rate in response to anthropogenic noise. Long calls are important for group cohesion and intergroup communication. Thus, it is possible that the tamarins emit one long call with lower syllable repetition, which might facilitate signal reception. The occurrence and quantity of pied tamarin' long calls, as well as their acoustic proprieties, seem to be governed by anthropogenic noise, time of the day, and social mechanisms such as proximity to neighboring groups.
许多动物物种依赖声音与同种个体进行交流。然而，人类产生的（人为的）噪音可能会掩盖声音信号，从而扰乱行为。动物可能会使用各种策略来规避这种情况，包括改变发声活动的时间和改变叫声的声学参数。我们测试了斑胸短尾猴（Saguinus bicolor）是否会根据城市噪音调整其发声行为。我们预测，无论是发生的概率还是长叫声的数量都会随着人为噪声的增加而增加，而且斑胸短尾猴会将其发声活动转移到噪音较小的时间。在更精细的尺度上，我们预计短尾猴叫声的时间参数（例如，叫声持续时间和音节重复率）会随着噪声幅度的增加而增加。我们收集了巴西玛瑙斯九个野生斑胸短尾猴群的声学环境和长叫声的信息。我们发现，长叫声发生的概率随着人为噪声水平的升高而增加，尽管长叫声的数量并没有增加。长叫声的数量与一天中的时间和与家域边界的距离有关-这是与相邻群体距离的代理。长叫声的发生或叫声率与一天中不同时间的噪声水平无关。我们发现斑胸短尾猴会降低其音节重复率以应对人为噪声。长叫声对于群体凝聚力和群体间的交流非常重要。因此，斑胸短尾猴可能会发出一个音节重复率较低的长叫声，这可能有助于信号接收。斑胸短尾猴长叫声的发生和数量以及它们的声学特性似乎受到人为噪声、一天中的时间以及与相邻群体接近等社会机制的控制。
