Department of Management, Technology and Economics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
University of St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
BMJ Open. 2024 Feb 10;14(2):e080545. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080545.
BACKGROUND: Digital assistive technologies (DATs) have emerged as promising tools to support the daily life of people with dementia (PWD). Current research tends to concentrate either on specific categories of DATs or provide a generic view. Therefore, it is of essence to provide a review of different kinds of DATs and how they contribute to improving quality of life (QOL) for PWD. DESIGN: Scoping review using the framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley and recommendations from Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. DATA SOURCES: Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science (January 2013 to May 2023). ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Completed scientific literature with a primary focus on DATs for PWD, perspectives of caregivers, family members or healthcare workers in relation to a PWD, people living in diverse settings and all severities of dementia. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Screening and data extraction were conducted, followed by quantitative and qualitative analyses using thematic analysis principles and Digital Therapeutics Alliance categories for DAT grouping. RESULTS: The literature search identified 6083 records, with 1056 duplicates. After screening, 4560 full texts were excluded, yielding 122 studies of different designs. The DATs were categorised into digital therapeutics (n=109), patient monitoring (n=30), digital diagnostics (n=2), care support (n=2) and health system clinical software (n=1). These categories were identified to impact various aspects of QOL: preserving autonomy, engagement, and social interaction, health monitoring and promotion, improving activities of daily living, improving cognition, maintaining dignity, managing behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia and safety/surveillance. CONCLUSIONS: Various DATs offer extensive support, elevating the QOL of PWD. Digital therapeutics are predominantly used for ageing-in-place and independent living through assistance with daily tasks. Future research should focus on less-represented digital health technology categories, such as care support, health & wellness or software solutions. Observing ongoing DAT developments and their long-term effects on QOL remains essential.
背景:数字辅助技术 (DATs) 已成为支持痴呆症患者 (PWD) 日常生活的有前途的工具。当前的研究往往集中在特定类别的 DATs 上,或者提供一般性的观点。因此,有必要对不同种类的 DATs 进行综述,并了解它们如何有助于提高 PWD 的生活质量 (QOL)。
设计:使用 Arksey 和 O'Malley 提出的框架和系统评价和荟萃分析扩展的首选报告项目建议进行范围综述。
数据来源:Cochrane、Embase、PubMed、Scopus 和 Web of Science(2013 年 1 月至 2023 年 5 月)。
选择研究的入选标准:主要关注 PWD 的 DATs 的已完成科学文献,关注照顾者、家庭成员或医疗保健工作者与 PWD 相关的观点,以及生活在不同环境中的人和所有严重程度的痴呆症患者。
数据提取和综合:进行筛选和数据提取,然后使用主题分析原则和数字治疗联盟 (Digital Therapeutics Alliance) 对 DAT 进行分组。
结果:文献检索确定了 6083 条记录,其中 1056 条重复。经过筛选,排除了 4560 篇全文,得到了 122 篇不同设计的研究。DATs 分为数字治疗 (n=109)、患者监测 (n=30)、数字诊断 (n=2)、护理支持 (n=2) 和卫生系统临床软件 (n=1)。这些类别被确定为影响 QOL 的各个方面:维持自主性、参与和社会互动、健康监测和促进、改善日常生活活动、改善认知、维持尊严、管理痴呆症的行为和心理症状以及安全/监测。
结论:各种 DATs 提供了广泛的支持,提高了 PWD 的生活质量。数字治疗主要用于通过协助日常任务来实现老龄化和独立生活。未来的研究应侧重于代表较少的数字健康技术类别,如护理支持、健康和保健或软件解决方案。观察正在进行的 DAT 发展及其对 QOL 的长期影响仍然很重要。
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