Li Hongjian, Si Yajing, Wang Hong, Liu Zhi, Lu Qian, Liu Li, Li Tong, Wang Aide
Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology (Liaoning Province), Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
Liaoning Institute of Pomology, Xiongyue, 115009, China.
Plant J. 2024 Jun;118(5):1358-1371. doi: 10.1111/tpj.16673. Epub 2024 Feb 11.
Watercore is a common physiological disease of Rosaceae plants, such as apples (Malus domestica), usually occurring during fruit ripening. Apple fruit with watercore symptoms is prone to browning and rotting, thus losing commercial viability. Sorbitol and calcium ions are considered key factors affecting watercore occurrence in apples. However, the mechanism by which they affect the occurrence of watercore remains unclear. Here, we identified that the transcription factor MdWRKY9 directly binds to the promoter of MdSOT2, positively regulates the transcription of MdSOT2, increases sorbitol content in fruit, and promotes watercore occurrence. Additionally, MdCRF4 can directly bind to MdWRKY9 and MdSOT2 promoters, positively regulating their expression. Since calcium ions can induce the ubiquitination and degradation of the transcription factor MdCRF4, they can inhibit the transcription of MdWRKY9 and MdSOT2 by degrading MdCRF4, thereby reducing the sorbitol content in fruit and inhibiting the occurrence of fruit watercore disease. Our data sheds light on how calcium ions mitigate watercore in fruit, providing molecular-level insights to enhance fruit quality artificially.
水心病是蔷薇科植物如苹果(Malus domestica)常见的生理病害,通常在果实成熟期间发生。出现水心病症状的苹果果实容易褐变和腐烂,从而失去商业价值。山梨醇和钙离子被认为是影响苹果水心病发生的关键因素。然而,它们影响水心病发生的机制尚不清楚。在此,我们发现转录因子MdWRKY9直接结合MdSOT2的启动子,正向调控MdSOT2的转录,增加果实中山梨醇含量,并促进水心病的发生。此外,MdCRF4可直接结合MdWRKY9和MdSOT2启动子,正向调控它们的表达。由于钙离子可诱导转录因子MdCRF4的泛素化和降解,它们可通过降解MdCRF4来抑制MdWRKY9和MdSOT2的转录,从而降低果实中山梨醇含量并抑制果实水心病的发生。我们的数据揭示了钙离子如何减轻果实水心病,为人工提高果实品质提供了分子水平的见解。