Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Clinical Hematology Department, Institut Català d'Oncologia - L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain.
Semin Hematol. 2023 Nov;60(5):305-312. doi: 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2023.12.001. Epub 2023 Dec 14.
In the era of immunochemotherapy, approximately 60%-70% of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients achieve remission with first-line rituximab-based chemoimmunotherapy. However, 30%-40% relapse after initial response to first-line therapy and, out of them, 20%-50% are refractory or experience early relapse. The second-line therapy algorithm for DLBCL has recently evolved, thanks to the recent approval of new therapeutic agents or their combinations. The new guidelines suggest a stratification of relapsed/refractory (R/R) DLBCL based on the time to relapse. For transplant-eligible patients, autologous stem cell transplant remains the preferred option when the patient relapses after 12 months from diagnosis, while anti-CD19 CART-cell therapy is the current preferred choice for high-risk DLBCL, defined as primary refractory or relapse ≤12 months. For transplant-ineligible or CAR T-cell therapy-ineligible patients, the therapeutic arsenal historically lacked effective options. However, new therapeutic options, including polatuzumab vedotin combined with bendamustine-rituximab and tafasitamab with lenalidomide, have been recently approved, and novel agents such as loncastuximab tesirine, selinexor, anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy, and bispecific antibodies have shown promising efficacy and manageable safety in this setting offering new hope to patients in this challenging scenario.
在免疫化疗时代,约 60%-70%的弥漫性大 B 细胞淋巴瘤 (DLBCL) 患者在一线基于利妥昔单抗的化疗免疫治疗中达到缓解。然而,30%-40%的患者在初始一线治疗反应后复发,其中 20%-50%为难治性或早期复发。由于新的治疗药物或其组合的最近批准,DLBCL 的二线治疗方案最近发生了变化。新指南建议根据复发时间对复发/难治性 (R/R) DLBCL 进行分层。对于有移植资格的患者,如果患者在诊断后 12 个月内复发,自体干细胞移植仍然是首选;对于高危 DLBCL(定义为原发性难治或复发≤12 个月),抗 CD19 CART 细胞治疗是目前的首选。对于不适合移植或 CART 细胞治疗的患者,历史上缺乏有效的治疗选择。然而,最近已经批准了新的治疗选择,包括泊洛妥珠单抗联合苯达莫司汀-利妥昔单抗和塔法西他单抗联合来那度胺,并且新型药物,如 Loncastuximab tesirine、塞利尼索、抗 CD19 CAR T 细胞治疗和双特异性抗体,在这种情况下显示出有希望的疗效和可管理的安全性,为这一具有挑战性的情况下的患者带来了新的希望。