Querfurth Henry, Marczak Izabella, Rahimian Nasrin, Jijakli Amir, Green-LaRoche Deborah
Neurology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, USA.
Cureus. 2024 Jan 11;16(1):e52128. doi: 10.7759/cureus.52128. eCollection 2024 Jan.
Background and objectives Several Asian populations abroad are reported to have a higher prevalence of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhages (sICH) and a greater proportion of all stroke types attributed to ICH compared to non-Asians. However, the causes are unknown, and few studies have examined the issue among Asian Americans. This report aims to highlight some less common, but not rare, clinical features that could bear on several pathophysiological factors, by presenting a selected case series of 13 Asian American patients admitted to a Boston-based healthcare system and hospital. Methods The selected cases were classified into six categories based on presumed sICH mechanisms including vasculopathy, hypertensive crises, moyamoya disease/syndrome, venous sinus thrombosis, brainstem hemorrhages, and arterial malformation/aneurysm. We also examined 5 years of medical records at our institution, a single healthcare system among several in a large urban area having its main hospital embedded in an Asian community, to arrive at stroke-type proportions, comparing our Asian to non-Asian population. ICH cases excluded trauma, coagulopathy, and hemorrhagic transformation. ICH patient counts were compared to acute ischemic stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage across various ethnicities. Results Pathophysiology-biomarker correlations within each ICH stroke category were reviewed, some possibly having specificity for Asian populations. We found some evidence to support an increased proportion of sICH among all stroke types in our Asian American patients, relative to other ethnic groups. A higher apparent estimate of sICH incidence in Asian Americans vs. Caucasians was also uncovered. However, these did not reach statistical significance and so no conclusion on risk could be made from this preliminary study. Conclusions We review the extensive literature on epidemiology and genetic markers and affirm that an awareness of the potential increased risk of sICH in this expanding population is clinically prudent. An expanded epidemiologic study to refine ICH risk estimates in Asian Americans is planned.
背景与目的 据报道,与非亚洲人群相比,国外的几个亚洲人群自发性颅内出血(sICH)的患病率更高,且所有卒中类型中归因于脑出血的比例更大。然而,其原因尚不清楚,很少有研究在亚裔美国人中探讨这一问题。本报告旨在通过呈现一系列入选的13例入住波士顿医疗系统和医院的亚裔美国患者病例,突出一些可能与多种病理生理因素相关的不常见但并非罕见的临床特征。方法 根据推测的sICH机制,将入选病例分为六类,包括血管病、高血压危象、烟雾病/综合征、静脉窦血栓形成、脑干出血和动脉畸形/动脉瘤。我们还查阅了本机构5年的病历,本机构是一个大型市区多个医疗系统中的一个,其主要医院位于一个亚洲社区,以得出卒中类型比例,并将我们的亚洲人群与非亚洲人群进行比较。脑出血病例排除了外伤、凝血障碍和出血性转化。将脑出血患者数量与不同种族的急性缺血性卒中和蛛网膜下腔出血患者数量进行比较。结果 回顾了每个脑出血卒中类别内病理生理学与生物标志物的相关性,其中一些可能对亚洲人群具有特异性。我们发现一些证据支持,在我们的亚裔美国患者中,所有卒中类型中sICH的比例相对于其他种族有所增加。还发现亚裔美国人与高加索人相比,sICH发病率的明显估计值更高。然而,这些均未达到统计学意义,因此无法从这项初步研究中得出关于风险的结论。结论 我们回顾了关于流行病学和基因标志物的大量文献,并确认在这个不断扩大的人群中意识到sICH潜在风险增加在临床上是审慎的。计划开展一项扩大的流行病学研究,以完善亚裔美国人脑出血风险估计。