Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Department of Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Chemosphere. 2024 Mar;352:141388. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141388. Epub 2024 Feb 10.
Unconventional substrata like activated carbon or clay beads can enhance micropollutant removal in constructed wetlands. However, hydroponic materials widely used in horticulture have not yet been investigated for their potential to remove micropollutants. In addition, potential effect of plant species other than reeds on micropollutant removal has not been sufficiently investigated. Therefore, a nature-based, post-treatment technology called improved vertical flow constructed wetlands (CW) with hydroponic (H) materials (CWH) was designed by employing cocopeat and mineral with ornamental plant species syngonium and periwinkle. A mesocosm CWH system was tested in a climate-controlled greenhouse for 550 days for its potential to remove frequently found micropollutants in wastewater, namely sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, diclofenac, erythromycin, carbamazepine, pyrimethanil, tebuconazole, pymetrozine, atrazine and DEET from wastewater effluent. The main focus was to understand the contribution of sorption, microbial degradation and phytoremediation on the removal of those micropollutants. It was found that cocopeat showed a capacity for sorbing micropollutants, ranging between 80 and 99% of the compounds added while less than 10% sorption was observed for mineral wool. Additionally moderate to high biological removal (25-60 μg of compound/kg dry weight of substratum/day) for most of the studied compounds was observed in all the cocopeat biotic groups. Furthermore, it could be stated that plants appear not to be an important factor for micropollutant removal. The observed differences in removal between the cocopeat and mineral wool systems could be explained by the difference in physico-chemical properties of the substrata, where cocopeat has a higher water holding capacity, moisture content, nutrient and organic matter content, and a higher intraparticle porosity and surface area. This study revealed notable removal of persistent and mobile micropollutants in cocopeat CWH, namely carbamazepine (80-86%) and diclofenac (97-100%). These results demonstrate the potential beneficial use of hydroponic materials as substratum in more advanced constructed wetlands designed to remove micropollutants.
非传统基质如活性炭或粘土珠可以增强人工湿地对微污染物的去除效果。然而，园艺中广泛使用的水培材料尚未被研究其去除微污染物的潜力。此外，除芦苇以外的植物物种对微污染物去除的潜在影响也没有得到充分研究。因此，设计了一种名为改良垂直流人工湿地（CW）的基于自然的后处理技术，该技术采用椰糠和矿物作为基质，并使用观赏植物品种合果芋和长春花。在气候控制的温室中，使用中观规模的 CW-H 系统对其从废水（包括磺胺甲恶唑、甲氧苄啶、双氯芬酸、红霉素、卡马西平、嘧啶苯胺、戊唑醇、吡虫啉、莠去津和 DEET）中去除常见微污染物的潜力进行了 550 天的测试。主要重点是了解吸附、微生物降解和植物修复对去除这些微污染物的贡献。结果表明，椰糠对微污染物具有吸附能力，添加的化合物中有 80%至 99%被吸附，而矿物棉的吸附率不到 10%。此外，在所有含有椰糠的生物组中，大多数研究化合物的生物去除率（25-60μg化合物/kg干重基质/天）均处于中等至高水平。此外，可以说植物不是去除微污染物的重要因素。在椰糠和矿物棉系统之间观察到的去除差异可以用基质的物理化学性质的差异来解释，其中椰糠具有更高的持水能力、含水量、养分和有机物含量，以及更高的颗粒内孔隙率和表面积。这项研究表明，在椰糠 CW 中可以显著去除持久性和移动性微污染物，如卡马西平（80-86%）和双氯芬酸（97-100%）。这些结果表明，水培材料作为基质在更先进的人工湿地中具有去除微污染物的潜力，可以得到有益的利用。
