Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.
Department of Applied Science, University of Technology Iraq.
Ageing Res Rev. 2024 Mar;95:102233. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102233. Epub 2024 Feb 14.
The ketogenic diet (KD) is a low-carbohydrate, adequate protein and high-fat diet. KD is primarily used to treat refractory epilepsy. KD was shown to be effective in treating different neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer disease (AD) is the first common neurodegenerative disease in the world characterized by memory and cognitive impairment. However, the underlying mechanism of KD in controlling of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases are not discussed widely. Therefore, this review aims to revise the fundamental mechanism of KD in different neurodegenerative diseases focusing on the AD. KD induces a fasting-like which modulates the central and peripheral metabolism by regulating mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, gut-flora, and autophagy in different neurodegenerative diseases. Different studies highlighted that KD improves AD neuropathology by regulating synaptic neurotransmission and inhibiting of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. In conclusion, KD improves cognitive function and attenuates the progression of AD neuropathology by reducing oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and enhancing neuronal autophagy and brain BDNF.
生酮饮食（KD）是一种低碳水化合物、适量蛋白质和高脂肪的饮食。KD 主要用于治疗难治性癫痫。KD 已被证明对治疗不同的神经退行性疾病有效。阿尔茨海默病（AD）是世界上第一种常见的神经退行性疾病，其特征是记忆和认知障碍。然而，KD 控制 AD 和其他神经退行性疾病的潜在机制尚未广泛讨论。因此，本综述旨在修订 KD 在不同神经退行性疾病中的基本机制，重点关注 AD。KD 诱导一种类似于禁食的状态，通过调节线粒体功能障碍、氧化应激、炎症、肠道菌群和自噬来调节中枢和外周代谢，在不同的神经退行性疾病中。不同的研究强调，KD 通过调节突触神经传递和抑制神经炎症和氧化应激来改善 AD 的神经病理学。总之，KD 通过降低氧化应激、线粒体功能障碍，增强神经元自噬和大脑 BDNF，改善认知功能，减缓 AD 神经病理学的进展。
