Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
Environ Health. 2024 Feb 16;23(1):21. doi: 10.1186/s12940-024-01047-5.
While prenatal exposure to alkylphenols (APs) has been demonstrated to be associated with neurodevelopmental impairments in animals, the evidence from epidemiological studies remains limited and inconclusive. This study aimed to explore the link between AP exposure during pregnancy and the intelligence quotient (IQ) of preschool children.
A total of 221 mother-child pairs from the Guangxi Zhuang Birth Cohort were recruited. Nonylphenol (NP), 4-tert-octylphenol (4-T-OP), 4-n-nonylphenol (4-N-NP), and 4-n-octylphenol were measured in maternal serum in early pregnancy. Childhood IQ was evaluated by the Fourth Edition of Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of the Intelligence at 3 to 6 years of age. The impact of APs on childhood IQ were evaluated by generalized linear models (GLMs), restricted cubic spline (RCS), and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR).
In GLMs, prenatal exposure to NP and the second tertile of 4-T-OP exhibited an inverse association with full-scale IQ (FSIQ) (β = -2.38; 95% CI: -4.59, -0.16) and working memory index (WMI) (β = -5.24; 95% CI: -9.58, -0.89), respectively. Prenatal exposure to the third tertile of 4-N-NP showed a positive association with the fluid reasoning index (β = 4.95; 95% CI: 1.14, 8.77) in total children, as well as in girls when stratified by sex. A U-shaped relationship between maternal 4-T-OP and WMI was noted in total children and girls by RCS (all P nonlinear < 0.05). The combined effect primarily driven by NP, of maternal AP mixtures at concentrations above the 50th percentile exhibited an inverse trend on FSIQ in total children and girls in BKMR.
Prenatal exposure to various APs affects IQ in preschool children, and there may be nonmonotonic and sex-specific effects. Further investigation across the population is required to elucidate the potential neurotoxic effects of APs.
虽然已有研究表明烷基酚类物质（APs）在动物体内的产前暴露与神经发育损伤有关，但来自流行病学研究的证据仍然有限且不确定。本研究旨在探讨孕妇怀孕期间接触 AP 与学龄前儿童智商（IQ）之间的关系。
共招募了 221 对广西壮族出生队列的母婴。在孕早期测量了母亲血清中的壬基酚（NP）、4-叔辛基酚（4-T-OP）、4-正壬基酚（4-N-NP）和 4-正辛基酚。在 3 至 6 岁时，采用第四版韦氏学前和初级智力量表评估儿童的 IQ。采用广义线性模型（GLMs）、限制立方样条（RCS）和贝叶斯核机器回归（BKMR）评估 APs 对儿童 IQ 的影响。
在 GLMs 中，NP 和第 2 个四分位的 4-T-OP 暴露与全量表智商（FSIQ）（β=-2.38；95%CI：-4.59，-0.16）和工作记忆指数（WMI）（β=-5.24；95%CI：-9.58，-0.89）呈负相关。4-N-NP 的第 3 个四分位暴露与所有儿童的流体推理指数（β=4.95；95%CI：1.14，8.77）呈正相关，按性别分层后在女孩中也是如此。RCS 显示，母体 4-T-OP 与 WMI 之间存在 U 型关系（均 P 非线性<0.05）。在总人群和女孩中，BKMR 主要由 NP 驱动的母体 AP 混合物浓度超过第 50 百分位数的组合效应表现出对 FSIQ 的反向趋势。
孕妇接触各种 APs 会影响学龄前儿童的 IQ，并且可能存在非单调和性别特异性的影响。需要在更大的人群中进一步研究，以阐明 APs 的潜在神经毒性作用。
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