Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
School of Biological Sciences and Technology, College of Natural Sciences, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Gwangju, 61186, Korea.
Nat Commun. 2024 Feb 17;15(1):1463. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-45772-4.
Many amniote vertebrate species including humans can form identical twins from a single embryo, but this only occurs rarely. It has been suggested that the primitive-streak-forming embryonic region emits signals that inhibit streak formation elsewhere but the signals involved, how they are transmitted and how they act has not been elucidated. Here we show that short tracks of calcium firing activity propagate through extraembryonic tissue via gap junctions and prevent ectopic primitive streak formation in chick embryos. Cross-regulation of calcium activity and an inhibitor of primitive streak formation (Bone Morphogenetic Protein, BMP) via NF-κB and NFAT establishes a long-range BMP gradient spanning the embryo. This mechanism explains how embryos of widely different sizes can maintain positional information that determines embryo polarity. We provide evidence for similar mechanisms in two different human embryo models and in Drosophila, suggesting an ancient evolutionary origin.
许多羊膜动物物种，包括人类，可以从单个胚胎中形成同卵双胞胎，但这种情况很少发生。有人认为，原始条纹形成的胚胎区域会发出信号，抑制其他地方的条纹形成，但涉及到的信号、它们是如何传递以及它们如何作用还没有阐明。在这里，我们表明，钙爆发活动的短轨迹通过缝隙连接在胚胎外组织中传播，并防止鸡胚中异位原始条纹的形成。钙活性和原始条纹形成抑制剂（骨形态发生蛋白，BMP）通过 NF-κB 和 NFAT 的交叉调节在胚胎中建立跨越的 BMP 梯度。该机制解释了大小差异很大的胚胎如何保持决定胚胎极性的位置信息。我们在两个不同的人类胚胎模型和果蝇中提供了类似机制的证据，表明这是一种古老的进化起源。
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