Laboratorio de Química Ambiental y Ecotoxicología, Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos, Chubut, CP 9120, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco (UNPSJB), Chubut, CP 9120, Argentina.
Laboratorio de Química Ambiental y Ecotoxicología, Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos, Chubut, CP 9120, Argentina.
Chemosphere. 2024 Mar;352:141512. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141512. Epub 2024 Feb 20.
This study aimed to assess the impact of acute exposure (96 h) to Cd in gills, digestive gland and muscle of the Tehuelche scallop Aequipecten tehuelchus from San José gulf in Patagonia, Argentina. Scallops were exposed to Cd concentrations of 0, 25, 50, 100, 150, 204, 275, 371, and 500 μg/L, and mortality rates were recorded after 96 h of exposure. Surviving organisms were analyzed for the biochemical response through reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), metallothioneins (MT), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and liposoluble antioxidants α-tocopherol (α-T) and β-carotene (β-C). The mean lethal concentration (LC) was 155.8 μg Cd/L, a lower value than other scallops' species, showing that A. tehuelchus has a particular sensitivity to Cd. In the three tissues, at all exposure concentrations, there was no significant response in RONS levels, GST activity or LPO. Nevertheless, CAT activity and α-T levels decreased in the gills but increased in the digestive gland, with no significant response in the muscle. Two-way ANOVA revealed a significant interaction between Cd concentration and tissue on MT, which increased significantly in gills, decreased in digestive gland with 100 compared to 50 μg Cd/L; whereas in muscle a significant increase was observed with 25 μg Cd/L compared to control. The results show a significant effect of Cd in scallop's gills on CAT activity and α-T levels, highlighting this tissue as the primary target against relevant concentrations of metal in seawater. The effect on digestive gland and muscle was minimal. The overall results suggest that Cd toxicity is tissue-specific. This study will help reduce the existence knowledge gap regarding potential impacts of acute exposure to Cd in a bivalve species with high ecological and commercial importance, as well as identifying the most responsive biomarkers associated with Cd stress for monitoring assessment.
本研究旨在评估阿根廷巴塔哥尼亚圣何塞湾 Tehuelche 扇贝（Aequipecten tehuelchus）鳃、消化腺和肌肉在急性暴露（96 小时）于 Cd 下的影响。扇贝暴露于 0、25、50、100、150、204、275、371 和 500μg/L 的 Cd 浓度下，记录 96 小时暴露后的死亡率。存活的生物体通过活性氧和氮物种（RONS）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）、金属硫蛋白（MT）、脂质过氧化（LPO）和脂溶性抗氧化剂α-生育酚（α-T）和β-胡萝卜素（β-C）进行生化反应分析。LC50 为 155.8μg Cd/L，低于其他扇贝物种，表明 A. tehuelchus 对 Cd 具有特殊的敏感性。在这三种组织中，在所有暴露浓度下，RONS 水平、GST 活性或 LPO 均无显著反应。然而，CAT 活性和α-T 水平在鳃中降低，但在消化腺中增加，肌肉中无显著反应。双因素方差分析显示 Cd 浓度和组织对 MT 有显著的交互作用，MT 在鳃中显著增加，在消化腺中 100μg Cd/L 时与 50μg Cd/L 相比显著降低，而肌肉中 25μg Cd/L 时与对照相比显著增加。结果表明，Cd 对扇贝鳃中 CAT 活性和α-T 水平有显著影响，突出了该组织是对抗海水中相关浓度金属的主要靶标。对消化腺和肌肉的影响最小。总体结果表明，Cd 毒性具有组织特异性。本研究将有助于减少对具有高生态和商业重要性的双壳类物种急性暴露于 Cd 的潜在影响的认识差距，并确定与 Cd 应激相关的最敏感生物标志物用于监测评估。
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