[Effects of Pre-Transplant CONUT and Post-Transplant MRD on Prognosis of Patients with Multiple Myeloma after Auto-HSCT].

OBJECTIVE

To explore the effects of pre-transplant controlling nutritional status (CONUT) and post-transplant minimal residual disease (MRD) on prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT).

METHODS

The clinical data of 79 patients who received auto-HSCT from 2011 to 2020 in The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into Low-CONUT group (=62) and High-CONUT group (=17) according to whether the CONUT score was less than 5. The differences in clinical features, hematopoietic reconstruction, adverse reactions, efficacy and survival between the two groups were compared. In addition, the prognostic risk factors were analyzed and verified by time-dependent ROC curve.

RESULTS

The proportions of male patients and bone marrow plasma cells>30% at initial diagnosis in High-CONUT group were both higher than those in Low-CONUT group (both <0.05). While, there were no significant differences in hematopoietic reconstruction and adverse reactions (>grade 2) between the two groups. The complete response (CR) rate and CR+very good partial response (VGPR) rate before transplantation in Low-CONUT group were both significantly higher than those in High-CONUT group (both <0.05). After 3 months of transplantation, the CR+VGPR rate still remained an advantage in Low-CONUT group compared with High-CONUT group ( <0.01), but CR rate did not( >0.05). The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in Low-CONUT group were both superior to those in High-CONUT group (both <0.05). Low CONUT score (0-4) before transplantation and negative MRD at 6 months after transplantation were favorable factors affecting OS and PFS (both <0.05), while the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) high-risk at initial diagnosis and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level>250 U/L before transplantation were only risk factors for PFS (both <0.05). Time-dependent ROC curve analysis showed that pre-transplant CONUT score and MRD status at 6 months after transplantation could independently or jointly predict 1- and 2-year OS and PFS, and the combined prediction was more effective.

CONCLUSION

The combination of pre-transplant CONUT and post-transplant MRD can better predict the prognosis of MM patients.