Chibuogwu Maxwell O, Groves Carol L, Mueller Brian, Smith Damon L
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.
Plant Dis. 2024 Jul;108(7):2090-2095. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-12-23-2662-RE. Epub 2024 Jun 10.
In Wisconsin, the use of brown midrib (BMR) corn () hybrids for ensiling and subsequent feeding to dairy cows is quite common. The overall milk production from cows fed silage from BMR hybrids is typically higher than those fed silage made from dual-purpose hybrids. Gibberella diseases (ear and stalk rot) caused by (anamorph; ) and the accompanying accumulation of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) can be significant issues during the field production of BMR hybrids. The work presented here aimed to understand the role of hybrid class on the distribution of DNA and DON in the ear and stalk parts of corn for silage. An ear and stalk partitioned sample experiment was conducted on silage corn from field trials in Arlington, Wisconsin, in 2020 and 2021. The trials were arranged in a randomized complete block design in both years, including one BMR hybrid, one dual-purpose hybrid, and seven fungicide application regimes. Paired ear and stalk samples were physically separated, dried, and ground at harvest before determining the concentration of DNA and DON in each sample. Across both years, the main effects of hybrid, treatment, and plant part were not significant ( > 0.1) on DON concentration. However, the hybrid-by-plant part interaction effect was significant ( < 0.01). Ears of the BMR hybrid accumulated the most DON, whereas the dual-purpose hybrid ears had the lowest DON concentration. The concentrations of DON and DNA were significantly ( < 0.01) and highly correlated in the ear ( = 0.73) but not in the stalk ( = 0.09, = 0.33). These findings suggest that DON accumulation in the corn ear is a major contributor in the difference observed in the total DON between the hybrid classes. Therefore, growers and researchers are encouraged to focus production and breeding on hybrids in both classes that accumulate less DON in ears, resulting in lower total DON in corn chopped for silage.
在威斯康星州，使用棕色中脉（BMR）玉米杂交种制作青贮饲料并随后喂给奶牛的情况相当普遍。用BMR杂交种青贮饲料喂养的奶牛的总体产奶量通常高于用两用杂交种青贮饲料喂养的奶牛。由禾谷镰刀菌（无性型；粉红镰刀菌）引起的赤霉病（穗腐和茎腐）以及霉菌毒素脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）的伴随积累，在BMR杂交种的田间生产过程中可能是重大问题。本文介绍的工作旨在了解杂交种类别对青贮玉米穗部和茎部中禾谷镰刀菌DNA和DON分布的作用。2020年和2021年在威斯康星州阿灵顿的田间试验中，对青贮玉米进行了穗部和茎部分区样本实验。这两年的试验均采用随机完全区组设计，包括一个BMR杂交种、一个两用杂交种和七种杀菌剂施用方案。在收获时，将成对的穗部和茎部样本进行物理分离、干燥并研磨，然后测定每个样本中禾谷镰刀菌DNA和DON的浓度。在这两年中，杂交种、处理和植株部位对DON浓度的主要影响均不显著（P>0.1）。然而，杂交种与植株部位的交互作用显著（P<0.01）。BMR杂交种的穗部积累的DON最多，而两用杂交种的穗部DON浓度最低。穗部中DON和禾谷镰刀菌DNA的浓度显著相关（P<0.01，r = 0.73），但茎部中不相关（r = 0.09，P = 0.33）。这些发现表明，玉米穗部中DON的积累是不同杂交种类别之间总DON差异的主要原因。因此，鼓励种植者和研究人员将生产和育种重点放在两类穗部积累较少DON的杂交种上，从而降低青贮切碎玉米中的总DON含量。
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